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Suspension - Coggle Diagram
Suspension
Ideal Properties of Suspension
Chemical
Stability
It should be chemically and microbiologically stable.
Physical
Particle size
It should be small and uniformly sized in order to give a smooth, elegant product free from a gritty texture [5].
The particle size of the suspension remains fairly constant throughout its long period of undisturbed standing [5].
Viscosity
It should have high viscosity at low shear rates (during storage) and low viscosity at high shear rates (during shaking, pouring, or spreading) [2].
It should be pourable
Sedimentation
The suspension will be more stable at deflocculated than flocculated state. Flocculating agent will be added to reduce the reduce the ability of liquid to carry solid material [1].
The sediment produced on storage must be easily re-suspended by the use of moderate agitation of the container [1].
Appearance
It should be aesthetically pleasing and should also have a pleasing odour and taste [5]
Storage and Packaging of Suspension
Storage
Stored in room temperature if it is dry powder (25 0C). It should be stored in the refrigerator after opening or reconstitute and freezing should be avoided to prevent aggregation [1].
Packaging
It should be packaged in wide mouth containers having adequate air space above the liquid to allow easy shaking and pouring. [1].
As to avoid freezing, excessive heat & light, it should be stored in tight containers protected from [1]
Label: "Shake Before Use" to ensure uniform distribution of solid particles and thereby uniform and proper dosage [1].
Packaged in amber bottle glass ampoules or vials, as to reduce interaction between package and suspension and to avoid exposure from light and heat [1].
Technology and Advance dosage form of Suspension
Nanoosuspension
It consists of the pure poorly water-soluble drug without any matrix material suspended in dispersion [3].
It solves the problems of poor solubility and bioavailability, and alters the pharmacokinetics of drug and thus improves drug safety and efficacy [3].
Taste-Masked suspension
Improve palatability in oral adminstration
Sustained Release Suspension
To increase only the duration of action of drug being formulated without affecting onset of action [3].
The polymer coating provides sustained release [3].
Aqueous Suspension
A particle suspension whose suspending phase is composed of water [3].
It shows ready redispersibility and will not undergo aggregation of dispersed particles or caking [3].
Formulation of Suspension
Active Ingredient
Wetting agent
It is added to disperse solids in continuous liquid phase [4].
Type of wetting agent
Surfactant
Non-Surfactant
Flocculating agent
It is added to floc the drug particles
Thickener
To increase the viscosity of suspension
Buffers
It is added to stabilize the suspension to a desired pH range.
Preservatives
To prevent microbial growth
Vehicle
It is added to construct structure of the final suspension.
Osmotic agent
It is added to adjust osmotic pressure comparable to biological fluid.
Sweetener/Flavourant/Colourant
To increase palatability and appearance
Definition
Two-phase system consisting of a finely divided solid particles dispersed in liquid
Type of Suspension
Oral Suspension
Externally applied suspension/ Topical suspensions
Parenteral suspension/ injectable suspensions
Rectal suspensions
Otic suspensions
Ophthalmic suspensions
Pulmonary suspensions/ Aerosols