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General Chemistry Module 1 - Coggle Diagram
General Chemistry Module 1
Measuring Physical Quantities of Matter
Magnetism
Magnetism is the force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each other.
Weight
the weight of an object is the force acting on the object due to gravity
Mass
Mass is measured by using a balance comparing a known amount of matter to an unknown amount of matter.
Volume
Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed surface, for example, the space that a substance or shape occupies or contains.
Density
Density defined in a qualitative manner as the measure of the relative "heaviness" of objects with a constant volume.
Color
Color is the aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of light being reflected or emitted by them.
Solubility
Solubility is a property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.
Malleability
Malleability is a physical property of metals that defines their ability to be hammered, pressed, or rolled into thin sheets without breaking.
Luster
Lustre or luster is the way light interacts with the surface of a crystal, rock, or mineral.
Temperature
Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses hot and cold.
Ductility
Ductility is the ability of a material to be stretched or pulled into a wire.
Separation and Purification
Winnowing
When the grains are collected from the process of threshing, it needs to be cleared out of husks and chaffs before it is turned into flour. Normally the separation of the mixture is carried out with the help of wind or blowing air.
Sieveng
It is done to separate mixtures that contain substances mostly of different sizes. The mixture is passed through the pores of the sieve.
Evaporation
Evaporation is a technique that is used in separating a mixture usually a solution of a solvent and a soluble solid.
Distillation
The mixture is heated and the component which is volatile vaporizes first. The vapour moves through a condenser and is collected in a liquid state.
Separating Funnel
Separating funnel is used mainly to segregate two immiscible liquids.
Threshing
This method is mostly done during the harvesting of crops. Normally, the stalks of the wheat are dried once it is harvested.
Handpicking
This method involves simply picking out all the unwanted substances by hand and separating them from useful ones.
Filtration or Sedimentation
Filtration is used here to remove solid particles from the liquid. Various filtering agents are normally used like filtering paper or other materials.
Magnetic Separation
When one substance in the mixture has some magnetic properties then this method is quite useful. Strong magnets are commonly used to separate magnetic elements.
Changes in State of Matter
Condensation
Gas to Liquid
Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization.
Vapourization
Vapourization
The process in which a liquid changes state to vapor. It can occur at any temperature up to the boiling point of the liquid.
Freezing
Liquid to Solid
Freezing is a phase transition where a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point.
Melting
Solid to Liquid
Melting, change of a solid into a liquid when heat is applied.
Deposition
Solid to Gas
Deposition is the process by which molecules go directly from the gas phase into the solid phase. Deposition chemistry occurs when molecules settle out of the gas phase and into the solid phase.
Sublimation
Gas to Solid
Sublimation is the process by which molecules go directly from solid into the vapor or gas phase.
States of Matter
Liquid
state of matter that has volume but has no definite shape.
Gas
particle in this state are spread apart and move rapidly in any direction
Plasma
is a state of matter that is often thought of as a subset of gases, but the two states behave very differently.
Solid
state of matter that has fixed shape and volume
Bose-Einstein Condensate
A Bose–Einstein condensate is a state of matter which is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero.
