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MODULE 6 GENETIC CHANGE - Coggle Diagram

- - - - UV B
      - UV C
    - - Naturally occurring
        
        Biological e.g virus
        
        Non biological e.g. mercury
      - E.g. asbestos, tobacco smoke
  - - - SUBSTITUTION
        
        SILENT
        
        Same a.a produced
        
        MISENSE
        
        Different a.a.
        
        NONSENSE
        
        ‘Stop’ codon
      - FRAMESHIFT
        
        Addition/deletion change the reading frame
  - - - Duplication
        
        A section duplicated - multiple copies of a gene
      - Inversion
        
        Turns upside down
      - Deletion
        
        Often lethal
      - Translocation
        
        ‘Swap’
    - - Abnormal chromosome no. Extra (e.g. trisomy 21) or missing
        
        Usually causes by no disjunction of chromosomes
    - - Whole extra set, 3n - 10n in plants , lethal in animals
  - - - Body cell
    - - Gamete/sex cell
  - - - ‘Genes’ - protein
    - - Can affect regulatory sequences (genes switch no+off) gene transcription
  - - - Crossing over
      - Independent assortment
      - Random segregation
    - - Create new alleles
  - - - All alleles
    - - Movement of alleles
    - - BOTTLE NECK
      - FOUNDER EFFECT
        
        Random chance
- - - - Society
    - - Right or wrong?
      - Designer babies - embryo editing - CRISPR
- - - - Restriction enzymes ‘cuts’
  - - - Male ejaculates in artificial vagina and sperm is inserted into female vagina
    - - Transfer of pollen
    - - Gene - PCR - bacteria technology
      - Whole organism SCNT