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7/29/2020 Head Injury - Coggle Diagram
7/29/2020 Head Injury
Pathophysiology
Open head injury releases pressure from the head but are more prone to infections.. Closed head injury is more at risk because of increased intercranial pressure that will affect spinal cord pressure.
A head injury is any sort of injury to your brain, skull, or scalp. This can range from a mild bump or bruise to a traumatic brain injury. Common head injuries include concussions, skull fractures, and scalp wounds. The consequences and treatments vary greatly, depending on what caused your head injury and how severe it is
Medication
Diuretics. These drugs reduce the amount of fluid in tissues and increase urine output. Diuretics, given intravenously to people with traumatic brain injury, help reduce pressure inside the brain.
Anti-seizure drugs. People who've had a moderate to severe traumatic brain injury are at risk of having seizures during the first week after their injury.
An anti-seizure drug may be given during the first week to avoid any additional brain damage that might be caused by a seizure. Continued anti-seizure treatments are used only if seizures occur.
Coma-inducing drugs. Doctors sometimes use drugs to put people into temporary comas because a comatose brain needs less oxygen to function. This is especially helpful if blood vessels, compressed by increased pressure in the brain, are unable to supply brain cells with normal amounts of nutrients and oxygen.
Medical Interventions
Mild traumatic brain injuries usually require no treatment other than rest and over-the-counter pain relievers to treat a headache. However, a person with a mild traumatic brain injury usually needs to be monitored closely at home for any persistent, worsening or new symptoms
Important Assessments
The most common assessment for a person with head injury would be to assess airway, cervical spine protection, breathing, performing glasgow scale and haemorrhage control. Checking the neuromuscular status is to see the awareness of the environment, motor function, and walking ability. It also includes checking to see if they feel any sensation in their body or not. Monitoring vital signs every hour to prevent secondary brain injury. This is all to see if the person with head injury will need a special kind of further care.
Patient Education
Join a support group. Talk to your doctor or rehabilitation therapist about a support group that can help you talk about issues related to your injury, learn new coping strategies and get emotional support.
Write things down. Keep a record of important events, people's names, tasks or other things that are difficult to remember.
Follow a routine. Keep a consistent schedule, keep things in designated places to avoid confusion and take the same routes when going to frequently visited destinations.
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Alter work expectations or tasks. Appropriate changes at work or school may include having instructions read to you, allowing more time to complete tasks or breaking down tasks into smaller steps.
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Nursing Interventions
Positioning. The patient should be positioned properly with the neck in neutral position and the head end of the bed elevated to 30°.
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