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Pr8no8ns - Coggle Diagram
Pr8no8ns
Personal pronouns
Form
- we use personal pronouns to refer to both ppl and objects:
:check: subject pronouns (SP)
I - you - he - she - it - we - they
:check: object pronoun (OP)
me - you - him - her - it - us - them
:check: possessive adjective (Padj)
my - your - his - her - its - our - their
:check: possessive pronouns
mine - your - his - hers - (no pronoun) - ours - theirs
:check: reflexive pronoun (RP)
myself - yourself/yourselves - himself - herself - itself - ourselves - themselves
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Use
- SP instead of a N as the subject of a verb.
- OP instead of a N as a direct or indirect object.
- Padj + N - to express belonging
- PP instead of Padj + N
- Tom plans to set up a rock museum. He was a founder of Microsoft.
- I met Julian yesterday. I like him, don't you? (d)
Those books belong to Julian. Can you give them to him?(in)
- Did the neighbour leave that here? It looks like their deckchair.
- No, It's not their deckchair. It's ours!
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Modifying pronoun
- in some exclamations we modify OP with an adjective
- Peonoun + N to clarify who or what we are referring to.
Look what I've done! Silly me! Lucky old him.
I want you boys to report to the Head after this class!
Then she. Mrs Vincent, got up and asked everyone to leave at once.
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Uses of he, she, it
- It
1) to refer to animals, things, ideas, actions, unborn or young baby (if the sex is unknown).
2) as an 'empty' subject
- he or she
1) to refer to people, animals (especially domestic pets)
- they
1) after indefinite pronouns
:warning: if we don't know what the gender is we can use he/him/his or she/her/hers or they/them/ther for singular nouns and they/them/ther for plural nouns
- My brother brought her new baby into the shop yesterday. - It's very cute.
- Who can that be at the door? It's my neighbour. He often calls this late.
It has been sever years since sultry singer Sade was last in the sppotlight.
- We had to take our dog to the vet. He's got ear mites.
- Someone called you from Grant's Garage. Oh, did they leave their name.
- A doctor always makes decisions according to the best of his/her/their knowledge.
- Doctors always make decision according to the best of their knowledge.
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one
- one, ones - to avoid repeating countable nouns.
:warning: we don't use one to replace uncountable noun.
:check: we can use the/adjective + one/ones
:warning: we don't use one/ones when we refer to an item that has previously been defined.
- Do you prefer the dark chocolates or the light ones?
- Do you prefer white rice or brown?
- I'd like a loaf of bread. Can you pass me one from the top shelf? (Not a one)
These are interesting fossil speciments. This is an amazing one.
- I need a drink, a large one. (=any drink)
Where's my drink? Oh, there it is. (my drink - a definite drink)
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'Impresonal 'pronoun
you, we, they
- to express general feelings and opinions (not necessarily those of the speaker)
- if we wish you include ourselves, it's better to use we/they
- we also use they to refer to ppl in authority
- You can wear whatever you like to go to the theatre.
- We can wear whatever we like to go to the theatre.
- They behave really badly at football matches nowadays.
- Did you know they've put the parking charges if one lives alone.
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one
- to mean people generally including ourselves (formal English)
:warning: one = I - is considered unnecessarily formal
:green_cross: US English prefers you.
- is used as a subject, object, reflexive pronoun.
- One can sympathise with the sentiments behind the actions of the strikers.
- One would like to attend the ceremony, but one is too busy.
- One tends to learn to fend for oneself if one lives alone.
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