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Representations and Reflection - Coggle Diagram
Representations and Reflection
Qualitative
Selecting participant
1 participant to 60 or 70 participants (multiple context)
Rarely more than 20
Collecting data
Observation, interview, phone call, personal, and offical document
photographs, recordings, drawings, e-mail messages, and responses, informal conversation
Types of observation
Participant observer
External or nonparticipant observer
Types of Interview
Structured
Unstructured
Semistructured
Review of research
Selecting a research topic
Topic tend to be generally stated
Strategies to narrow the scale of a qualitative dtudy
Review the literature
Provide a frame of mind, justify the validity and credibility of topics.
Analysing data
Multistage process of organising, categorising, synthesising, interpreting, and writing about the data.
Each of these process is interactive
Lengthy and time consuming
Analysing requires four iterative steps
1.Reading/Memoing
Interpreting
Classifying
Describing
Identify research topic
Grounded Theory
Generate to theory
Observation and interview
Action research
Systematic inquiry
Practitioner - collect and study data can help to understand and improve practice
Etnography
Most used and established qualitative research
Natural setting
Uses multiple data sources
Face-to-face interaction with participants
Reporting, evaluating and interpreting research
Writing the report tests the quality and meaningfulness of ideas and logic
Return to the data to clarify a thought or verify logical connection
Focus on the key themes and interpretation
Language must be straightforward
Research Action
Collect data
Try verify of data collection tool
Concept of triangulation
The spiraling nature of data collection
Analyses and interpret data
Verbally or written
Identify a topic
Conducting a literature review
Conducting a literature review
Action planning
Action research is action oriented
Help understand or try out new or needed methods
Quantitative
Survey research
Classifying survey research
Collection of survey data
Interview and observation
Survey Frequency
Cross-sectional survey
Logitudinal survey
Conducting Self-Report Research
Conducting a questionnaire
Conducting an interview study
Conducting Observation Research
Experiment research
Experiment variable
Types of instructional
Types of materials for concept attainment
Drug dosage for experimental animals
Time of day for instructions
Types of therapy
Criteria well-designed experiment
Adequate experimental control
Lack of artificiality
Basis of comparison
Adequate information from he data
Uncontaminated data
No confounding of relevant variables
Reprentativeness
Parsimony
Internal validity
External validity
Experimental design
Posttest-Only Control Group Design
Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design
Solomon Four-Group Design
Factorial Designs
Repeated Measures Designs
Quasi-Experimental Designs
Posttest-Only, Nonequivalent Control Group Designs
Pretest-Posttest, Nonequivalent Control Group Designs
Correlation research
Participant and instrument selection
Design and procedure
Data analysis and interpretation
Problem selection
Two major types:
Relationship studies
Prediction studies