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MODULE 5 HEREDITY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 2 identical daughter cells
        
        Occurs in the somatic cells
  - - - 2 Divisons
        
        4 unique gametes, introducing variation
        
        Crossing over, assortment, segrgation
        
        Haploid
      - Importance in continuity of species
        
        YES correct DNA sequence/ amount of DNA = instructions to function
  - - - Enzymes - helicase, DNA polymerase
        
        Hydrogen bonding
  - - - Key, easy to understanding
    - - Oversimplifying, non dynamic, can lead to misconceptions
- - - - 2 parents, gametes, variation
        
        INTERNAL FERTILISATION
        
        Water or land
        
        ADV
        
        Prevents drying out, more likely to survive
        
        DISADV
        
        Low amount of eggs, parents need to look after offspring
        
        EXTERNAL FERTILISATION
        
        Water environment
        
        ADV
        
        More offspring produced, no mating
        
        DISADV
        
        Less chance of gametes meeting
        
        PLANTS
        
        Flower
        
        Pollen and egg
        
        Pollination
        
        Confiers
        
        Pollen and egg
        
        Seeds
    - - 1 parent, no gametes, no variation
        
        PLANTS
        
        Vegetative propogation (runners)
        
        E.g strawberries
        
        Bulbs/cutting
        
        Budding
        
        E.g yeast
        
        Binary fission
        
        E.g. bacteria + protists
        
        Spores
        
        Fungi/ferns.
      - ANIMALS
        
        Hydra
        
        Budding
        
        Insects
        
        Parthogenesis
  - - - PREGNANCY - oestrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH
      - BIRTH - oxytocin - the feedback MOD 8
  - - - Selective breeding
        
        Artificial insemination
    - - Selective breeding
        
        Artificial pollination
    - - Cloning
      - Decreased biodiversity - monoculture
- - - - Plasmids (MOD 6)
        
        Nucleoid region
  - - - mRNA
    - - Transferring DNA
    - - 1st hand prac - affect of salinity on grass
        
        Epigenetics - how the chemical composition can affect the expression of genes
        
        PROTEINS
        
        STRUCTURE
        
        Primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary
        
        FUNCTION
        
        Named examples
        
        Structural keratin
        
        Functional haemoglobin
        
        Hormones (MOD 8)
        
        Enzymes
        
        1 more item...
- - - - Crossing over
      - Fertilisation
      - Mutations ((MOD 6)
  - - - 3:1 - Mendel experiments - punnet squares
    - - Traits carried on X chromosomes and a few on y
        
        E.g colourblindness
    - - E.g. roan cattle
    - - .E.g pink flowers
    - - E.g. rabbit colour bl gps
    - - KEY
        
        CIRCLE FEMALE
        
        SQUARE MALE
  - - - Look up - worked examples frogs - green + yellow
- - - - HOW? PCR, Gel electropheresis
    - - Conservation data
      - Inheritance of a disease or disorder welcome trust sickle cell (MOD 7+8)
      - Human evolution mDNA