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Respiratory - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory
Cough
Gastrointestinal
GERD
Cardiovascular
LVF, Mitral stenosis
Respiratory
Infection, Sinus disease, Irritant, Pleural disease
Central nervous system
Aspiration (stroke)
Drug induced
ACE inhibitors
Breathlessness
Acute (minutes to hours)
Airways disease (e.g. asthma), Pulmonary embolism, Parenchymal disease (e.g. pneumonia), Hyperventilation syndrome
Gradual (days)
Many of the above and:, Lobar collapse (e.g. lung cancer), Pleural effusion
Chronic (months to years)
Some of the above and COPD
Bronchiolitis
Etiology
Bronchitis: common lung infection in young people (< 2 years), a mild, self-limited infection but can progress to respiratory arrest in i nfants (small airway obstruction), Most common = respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV).
Medical treatments
Symptomatic care for dehydration, respiratory distress, and hypoxia, Saline IV, Beta-adrenergic agonists: NOT effective
Epiglottitis
Features
sudden onset (within 12-24 hrs.), Usually with no prodromal symptoms, Patient sitting upright with the mouth openi n a tripod positionpossibly have a muffled voiceDrooling, Dysphagia, and DistressStridor
Medical treatments
Specific: Penicillin V or oral, amoxicillin for GABHS
Symptomatic: Dexamethasone, (single dose), Gargles, Paracetamol
Pharyngitis
Medical treatments
Specific: Penicillin V or oral, amoxicillin for GABHS, Symptomatic: Dexamethasone, (single dose), Gargles, Paracetamol
Features
fever,tonsillar exudates,painful cervical adenopathy,pharyngeal erythema,
Bronchitis
Features
productive cough (clear or yellowish), malaise, low-grade fever, Tachycardia
Medical treatments
Treatments mostly symptomatic and supportive, dextromethorphan, codeine or guaifenesin, Inflammation: Prednisolone
Pneumonia
Features
fever (more than 38), cough: nonproductive or productive with mucoid, purulent or blood-tinged sputumtachypnea, nasal flaring (children)
Medical treatments
Specific: Antibiotics specific to pathogens, Symptomatic: Oxygen, Saline IV, antipyretic
Tonsillitis
Features
Fever, Tonsillar exudates, Sore throat, Tender anterior cervical chain lymphadenopathy, Odynophagia & dysphagia, secondary to tonsillar swelling
Medical treatments
Supportive care: analgesia and hydration
Symptomatic: NSAIDs for Penicillin for patients with high risk for bacterial pharyngitis or rheumatic heart disease
Tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis
Influenza
Features
Mild case: cough, fever, sore, throat, myalgia, headache (frontal or retro-orbital), runny nose, and congested eyes (often affects whole body), Severe case: shortness of breath, tachycardia, hypotension, respiratory failure
Medical treatments
No antiviral treatment is needed for mild, i nfections in healthy individuals, Antiviral medications may be used to treat influenza infection during outbreak
Asymptomatic & supportive: antitussive, antipyretic, decongestant, antihistamine
Common cold
Medical treatments
Goal of treatment for the common cold is symptom relief, Decongestants and combination antihistamine/decongestant medications for cough, congestion, and other symptoms in adults.Vitamin C (0.2 grams) oral daily reduces duration and severity of common cold symptoms
Features
Runny nose, Nasal congestion, Nasal swab (for children) or throat swab (for adults) may be used to rule out influenza or bacterial pharyngitis
Croup
Features
Cough (barking), stridor,Fever, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing, which typically becomes worse at night
Medical treatments
Mild croup: Dexamethasone, Moderate to severe croup: nebulized, epinephrine + dexamethasone, Antibiotics only for secondary bacterial infection