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Innate immunity II - Coggle Diagram
Innate immunity II
Stimulation of adaptive immunity (3
rd line defense)
Interplay between innate and adaptive immunity
Activation of adaptive immunity
• T cell activation and differentiation
Inflammation and cell recruitment
• Acute inflammation
Local inflammatory response
Features
Rapid onset
• Transient and typically short-lasting
• Involves the innate immune system
• Characterized by five classic signs of inflammation,
redness
increased heat
swelling
pain
loss of function
The sequence of events
Local hemodynamic changes (vasoconstriction → vasodilation)
Increase in vascular permeability
Extravasation of leukocytes
Phagocytosis
Outcome of inflammatory response
acute phase proteins
innate, nonspecific response
systemic reaction
proteins are secreted mainly by hepatocytes.
mainly IL-6, TNF, and IFN-γ
macrophages, monocytes, and other cells
C-reactive protein (CRP)
helping in complement binding of damaged cells.
enhancing phagocytosis
rise above
normal limits within 6 hours
Serum amyloid A (SAA)
Procalcitonin (PCT)
Chronic inflammation
Features:
• Non-degradable pathogens.
• Prolonged exposure to toxic pathogens, or autoimmune reactions (months to years).
• Involved with cells
Mechanism involves
Pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ)
anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-13)
Outcomes
Scarring
• Amyloidosis
• Neoplasia
Anti-viral immunity
Innate immune response to viral infection
type I IFNs (/ß) or IFN-I
(primary source of IFN-I for antiviral responses
endosomal sensors, TLR7 and TLR9
Innate immune response
Phagocytosis
Professional
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Macrophages
early and crucial event in triggering host
defenses against invading pathogens
pic
Non-professional
Epithelial cells
Fibroblasts
Dendritic cells