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Ailing our Metropolitan Cities - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Unprecedented challenge
      - limited capabilities
        
        self govern
      - half of country´s cases of COVID-19
- - - - Public health in 2018
      - mere 1.28% of GDP
    - - Out-of-pocket expenditure
        
        62.4% in 2017
        
        while world avg was 18.2%
    - - Manpower is low
        
        India´s doctor-population
        
        ration 1:1457
        
        Lower than WHO norms of 1:1000
    - - Mumbai
        
        Higher number of officers
        
        per lakh population at 938
      - Abysmally low
        
        compared to global cities
        
        Johannesburg with 2922 officers
        
        NY with 5446 officers
  - - - Metropolitan Planning Committees (MPC)
      - areas
        
        million-plus population
      - MPC neither constit nor defunct
    - - only 9 out of 18 cities
        
        constit MPC
      - Big metropolitan cities
        
        Avg score 3.04/10
        
        in Transparency, accountability, and participation
  - - - medium-to-long term
        
        equal access
        
        opportunities
        
        services
        
        can avoid repeat of such disaster
    - - Weak capacities
        
        financing
        
        staffing
      - delivering infra and service
      - Managing disasters
      - Should be self-govern
      - no functional ward committees
    - - Toothless in India
      - full decision making
        
        authority over
        
        Critical functions of planning
        
        housing, water, envir, fire, emergency services
        
        far from being
        
        local self-govt
      - State govt controls
        
        Public work and police
    - - should directly-elected leader
      - robust mechanisms
      - reduce fragmentation in govt
  - - - combined authorities in
      - UK and AUS
- - - - modify to Indian context
      - and political realities
  - - - decentralised ward level governance
      - inter-agency co-od
    - - with 5 year tenure
- - - - 1.2 per 1000 people
    - - retain effective control
        
        over Urban development
      - rather than
        
        city administrations