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Quantitative Research
based on the collection and analysis of numerical…
Quantitative Research
- based on the collection and analysis of numerical data
Measuring Instruments
Use the term variable instead of construct.
- variable: a construct that can take on two or more values or score
Measuring scales and quantitative variables:
(describes performance in quantitative terms)
- Ratio Variables
- Interval Variables
- Ordinal Variables
Uses pencil and paper technique: Selection (multiple choice) and Supply (fill in the blanks) as data collection instrument.
- Validity and Credibility only needed when there is relationship or hypotheses to be proved. Pure survey collection (which survey research do fall in) does not require it.
Usually, attitude scales will be used in the instrument (applied for all types of research design) such as: likert scale and semantic differential scale
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Quantitative Research uses deductive reasoning, where specific predictions are developed from general principles, observations or experiences.
Experimental Research: interpretation that is very specific to the experiment is produced based on the experimental variables.
Survey Research: Conclusion are drawn based on the data collection, specific to the research topic.
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Four Basic Steps of Research (which all type of research design usually follows this steps with a little differences)
point mentioned in every type of research design is the highlights
1) Recognise and identify topic to study
2) Describe and execute procedures to collect information about the topic being studied
3) Analyse the data
4) State the results or implications based on analysis of the data
Correlational Research
Step 1: uses test hypotheses regarding expected relation, should be logical (suggested by theory/experience-derived) and variables to be correlated
Step 2: 30 is the minimum accepted sample size. Scores are obtained from each member, paired and correlated (called correlation coefficient)
Step 3: Data is analysed with a correlation coefficient
Survey Research
Step 2: Data is collected via various forms of collecting data from a questionnaire and it is either been done via cross-sectional approach or longitudinal approach
Experimental Research
Steps are mostly similar to correlational research but in Step 2, the procedures are being done through various experimental designs, quasi or not.
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