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10 EVENTS IN THE 1980'S, 7 astronauts' deaths were due to the loss…

- - - - the world's first 24-hour television news network
        
        Makes its debut on June 1, 1980
        
        TV news was dominated by three major networks
        
        ABC, CBS and NBC
        
        nightly 30-minute broadcasts
        
        CNN was created by maverick broadcasting executive Ted Turner as part of his Turner Broadcasting System (TBS)
        
        allegedly because industry professionals had told him it could not be done
      - CNN Launches. (2009, November 24). Retrieved July 24, 2020, from https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/cnn-launches
    - - Also known as the McFarlane affair, the Iran–Contra scandal, or simply Iran–Contra,
        
        a political scandal in the United States
        
        occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration
        
        Happened during August 20, 1985 – March 4, 1987
        
        Reagan administration secretly sold arms to Iran
        
        exchange for the release of Americans held hostage
        
        used the profits from that sale to illegally support right-wing insurgents in Nicaragua
        
        Emmacalderwood. (2019, September 16). AP US History Exam: Period 9 Notes (1980-Present). Retrieved July 24, 2020, from https://www.kaptest.com/study/ap-us-history/ap-us-history-exam-period-9-notes-1980-present/
    - - The Tax Reform Act of 1986
        
        reduced nominal rates on the wealthy and eliminated tax deductions
        
        still raising tax rates on lower-income individuals
        
        reduced marginal rates and further reduced bracket creep from inflation
        
        Negative Impacts
        
        Interest rates increased.
        
        Fewer jobs were available
        
        Unemployment rates rose
      - Created by President Ronald Reagan
      - Refers to the policies promoted by President Reagan
      - balance the federal budget, increase defense spending, and cut income taxes.
      - Reaganomics. (n.d.). Retrieved July 24, 2020, from https://www.ushistory.org/us/59b.asp
  - - - On June 5, 1981, MMWR published a report of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
        
        five previously healthy young men in Los Angeles, California
        
        later recognized as the first reported cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States.
      - IDS cases increased rapidly in the 1980s
  - - - Enabling technology for mobile phones was first developed in the 1940s but it was not until the mid 1980s that they became widely available.
      - The Motorola DynaTAC 8000X commercial portable cellular phone received approval from the U.S. FCC on September 21, 1983
        
        A full charge took roughly 10 hours, and it offered 30 minutes of talk time.
      - Fox News. (2014, December 20). The first mobile phone call was placed 40 years ago today. Retrieved July 24, 2020, from https://www.foxnews.com/tech/the-first-mobile-phone-call-was-placed-40-years-ago-today
- - - - Though East and West Germany were formally reunified on October 3, 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall served as a symbol of the country's unification
        
        for many, the end of communism in Eastern Europe and the Cold War.
        
        citizens of the GDR were free to cross the country's borders.
      - It collapsed because of the Reagan Doctrine, which applied economic, political and strategic pressure (including the Strategic Defense Initiative) on Moscow.
    - - When the Wall Street stock market crashed in October 1929, the world economy was plunged into the Great Depression
        
        By the winter of 1932, America was in the depths of the greatest economic depression in its history.
        
        The number of unemployed people reached upwards of 13 million.
      - Some people believed that abuses by utility holding companies contributed to the Wall Street Crash of 1929
        
        Many people blamed the crash on commercial banks that were too eager to put deposits at risk on the stock market.
  - - - Five teenagers indicted for rape of jogger and other charges
        
        another was given a plea deal and pleaded guilty to assault
        
        four other teenagers were indicted for assault and other charges related to attacks on other persons that night in the park.
        
        made the boys believe they were acting merely as witnesses to a crime
        
        In the end, four of the five boys falsely confessed. And even though no DNA linked them to the scene of the crime, and their descriptions of the victim's clothing and injuries didn't match the crime scene, they were convicted.
        
        The teenagers, known as the Central Park 5, were exonerated by DNA evidence and a confession from the true perpetrator in 2002,
    - - On the evening of March 23, 1989, Exxon Valdez left the port of Valdez, Alaska, bound for Long Beach, California, with 53 million gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude oil onboard.
        
        The impact of the collision tore open the ship's hull, causing some 11 million gallons of crude oil to spill into the water.
        
        Immediate effects included the deaths of 100,000 to as many as 250,000 seabirds, at least 2,800 sea otters, approximately 12 river otters, 300 harbor seals, 247 bald eagles, and 22 orcas, and an unknown number of salmon and herring.
        
        In the months after the Exxon Valdez oil spill, Exxon employees, federal responders and more than 11,000 Alaska residents worked to clean up the oil spill.
        
        Exxon payed about $2 billion in cleanup costs and $1.8 billion for habitat restoration and personal damages related to the spill.
  - - - caused by an external tank explosion
        
        the space shuttle broke apart
        
        gasses in the external fuel tank mixed, exploded, and tore the space shuttle apart
        
        The external fuel tank exploded after a rocket booster came loose and ruptured the tank.