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Periodic Table - Coggle Diagram

- - - - most reactive of the metals
        
        stored under oil to protect from o2 and h20
        
        react violently with water
      - soft and silvery metals
      - good conductors of heat and electricity
      - low densities (first 3 metals can float on water)
      - low melting points
      - never found as free elements in nature
      - tend to react with non-metals --> forms soluble white ionic compounds
    - - solution turns pink when phenqpphtalein indicator is added
      - effervescence observed (h2)
      - darting of the metal piece on surface of water
      - heat produced (exothermic)
      - metal + water --> metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
    - - reactivity increases
        
        less energy required to remove valence electron (IE decreases)
        
        distance between nucleus and valence electron increases
        
        reactivity increases
        
        no. of filled principal quantum shells increases
        
        electrostatic forces of attraction between nucleus and valence electron decreases
      - melting point decreases
      - densities increases
        
        densities are generally lower than other metals
  - - - form ionic compounds with metals
      - for covalent bonds with non-metals
      - gain one electron --> forms ion with charge 1-
      - low melting and boiling points
      - diatomic covalently bonded
      - insulators of electricity
    - - reactivity decreases
        
        distance between nucleus and valence electrons increases
        
        electrostatic forces of attraction decreases
        
        no. of filled principal quantum shells increases
        
        harder for atom to attract another electron
      - melting and boiling point increases
        
        molecular mass increases --> strength of intermolecular forces of attraction increases
        
        more energy is needed to overcome stronger intermolecular forces of attraction
      - colour of element gets darker
    - - react with most metals to form salts called halides
      - more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen
  - - - low melting and boiling points
      - exists as monatomic gases
      - colourless and odourless at rtp
      - high IE and low electronegativity values
      - non-metallic elements
  - - - variable oxidation states in compound
      - coloured compounds (colours determined by cations)
      - high melting and boiling points and high densities
      - catalysts for many reactions