Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

How do cars work and what can we do to help the environment, How much do…

- - - - Hybrid cars components
        
        DC/DC converter: This device converts higher-voltage DC power from the traction battery pack to the lower-voltage DC power needed to run vehicle accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery.
        
        Electric generator: Generates electricity from the rotating wheels while braking, transferring that energy back to the traction battery pack. Some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration functions.
        
        Electric traction motor: Using power from the traction battery pack, this motor drives the vehicle's wheels. Some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration functions.
        
        Power electronics controller: This unit manages the flow of electrical energy delivered by the traction battery, controlling the speed of the electric traction motor and the torque it produces.
        
        Thermal system (cooling): This system maintains a proper operating temperature range of the engine, electric motor, power electronics, and other components.
        
        .
        
        Hybrid electric
        
        Battery (auxiliary): In an electric drive vehicle, the auxiliary battery provides electricity to start the car before the traction battery is engaged and also powers vehicle accessories.
        
        Charge port: The charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external power supply in order to charge the traction battery pack.
        
        DC/DC converter: This device converts higher-voltage DC power from the traction battery pack to the lower-voltage DC power needed to run vehicle accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery.
        
        Electric generator: Generates electricity from the rotating wheels while braking, transferring that energy back to the traction battery pack. Some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration functions.
        
        Electric traction motor: Using power from the traction battery pack, this motor drives the vehicle's wheels. Some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration functions.
        
        Exhaust system: The exhaust system channels the exhaust gases from the engine out through the tailpipe. A three-way catalyst is designed to reduce engine-out emissions within the exhaust system.
        
        Fuel filler: A nozzle from a high-pressure dispenser attaches to the receptacle on the vehicle to fill the tank.
        
        Fuel tank (gasoline): This tank stores gasoline on board the vehicle until it's needed by the engine.
        
        Internal combustion engine (spark-ignited): In this configuration, fuel is injected into either the intake manifold or the combustion chamber, where it is combined with air, and the air/fuel mixture is ignited by the spark from a spark plug.
        
        Onboard charger: Takes the incoming AC electricity supplied via the charge port and converts it to DC power for charging the traction battery. It monitors battery characteristics such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge while charging the pack.
        
        Power electronics controller: This unit manages the flow of electrical energy delivered by the traction battery, controlling the speed of the electric traction motor and the torque it produces.
        
        Thermal system (cooling): This system maintains a proper operating temperature range of the engine, electric motor, power electronics, and other components.
        
        Traction battery pack: Stores electricity for use by the electric traction motor.
        
        Transmission: The transmission transfers mechanical power from the engine and/or electric traction motor to drive the wheels.
      - All-electric cars
        
        Onboard charger: Takes the incoming AC electricity supplied via the charge port and converts it to DC power for charging the traction battery. It monitors battery characteristics such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge while charging the pack.
        
        Power electronics controller: This unit manages the flow of electrical energy delivered by the traction battery, controlling the speed of the electric traction motor and the torque it produces.
        
        Battery (all-electric auxiliary): In an electric drive vehicle, the auxiliary battery provides electricity to power vehicle accessories.
        
        Charge port: The charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external power supply in order to charge the traction battery pack.
        
        DC/DC converter: This device converts higher-voltage DC power from the traction battery pack to the lower-voltage DC power needed to run vehicle accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery.
        
        Electric traction motor: Using power from the traction battery pack, this motor drives the vehicle's wheels. Some vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive and regeneration functions.
        
        Thermal system (cooling): This system maintains a proper operating temperature range of the engine, electric motor, power electronics, and other components.
        
        Traction battery pack: Stores electricity for use by the electric traction motor.
        
        Transmission (electric): The transmission transfers mechanical power from the electric traction motor to drive the wheels.
- - - - Lithium-ion batteries
        
        The most common type of battery used in electric cars is the lithium-ion battery. This kind of battery may sound familiar – these batteries are also used in most portable electronics, including cell phones and computers. Lithium-ion batteries have a high power-to-weight ratio, high energy efficiency and good high-temperature performance. In practice, this means that the batteries hold a lot of energy for their weight, which is vital for electric cars – less weight means the car can travel further on a single charge. Lithium-ion batteries also have a low “self-discharge” rate, which means that they are better than other batteries at maintaining the ability to hold a full charge over time.
        Additionally, most lithium-ion battery parts are recyclable making these batteries a good choice for the environmentally conscious. This battery is used in both AEVs and PHEVs, though the exact chemistry of these batteries varies from those found in consumer electronics.