Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ABCD Appriach when monitoring a patient. - Coggle Diagram
ABCD Appriach when monitoring a patient.
A-IRWAY
voice
noisy breathing or increased breathing effort
inspect the mouth
inspect signs of breathing
airway can be opened by: head-tilt and chin-lift technique
REFERENCES
Dr Grace Farrington, 2016
https://geekymedics.com/abcde-approach/
Thim Troels et al 2012
https://reppu.lamk.fi/pluginfile.php/1296665/mod_resource/content/1/ABCDE.pdf
C- IRCULATION
Blood pressure (systolic 100 - 140mmHg)
Electrocardiography monitoring
Heart auscultation (use of stethoscope)
temperature (36 - 37.9 )- pyrexia mostly suggests infections. Warming of the patients is important incase of hypothermia.
Palpate pulse rate (60 - 100min)
Capillary refill time (less than 2s)
skin colour, sweating
Blood pressure monitoring
Heart rate
Tachycardia - HR> 99
bradycardia - HR LESS THAN 60
B- REATHING
lung auscultation- pulse oximetry (97 - 100%)
Chest percussion
respiratory rate (12 - 20 breaths per minute)
Bradypnoea- respiratory acidosis
Tachypnoea - respiratory alkalosis
check for chest movement
D-ISABILITY
monitoring of limb movements
Glasgow Coma Score can be used
Assessment of pupillary light reflexes
Monitoring of blood glucose because if low it decreases the level of consciousness and this can be corrected by oral or infused glucose.
normal blood glucose 4.0 - 11.0 mmol/L
monitor the level of consciousness
V-oice
P-ain responsive
A- lert
U- nresponsive
Aims of ABCDE
to establish common situational awareness among all treatment providers
to buy time to establish a final diagnosis and treatment
to serve as an assessment and treatment algorithm
to break down complex clinical situation into more manageable parts
to provide life-saving treatment
E-exposure- dignity of the patient is important
Temperature measuring by feeling the skin or use of thermometer
monitor the skin incase of
trauma
bleeding
rashes from reactions
needle marks