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PRESENT TENSES, PERFECT TENSES, THINK, HAVE, BE (zachowywać się, być),…
PRESENT TENSES
PRESENT SIMPLE
- twierdzenie: podmiot + czasownik (+ s w 3 os. l.poj.) + ...
- przeczenie: podmiot + don't (doesn't w 3 os. l.poj) + czasownik + ...
- pytanie: słówko pyt. + do (does w 3 os. l.poj.) + podmiot + czasownik + ...
gdy końcówka -y w 3 os. l.poj. -y -> -ies:
fly - flies, cry - cries
dodajemy -es do czasowników z końcówkami :-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
jeśli przed koncówką -y jest samogłoska:
play - plays, pray - prays
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uczucia, stany, stałe cechy
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
- twierdzenie: podmiot + am/are/is + czasownik + ing + ...
- przeczenie: podmiot + am/are/is + not + czasownik + ing + ...
- pytanie: słówko pyt. + am/are/is + podmiot + czasownik + ing + ...
jeśli przed końcówką -e stoi spółgłoska, przed dodaniem -ing, usuwamy - e:
jeśli końcówka -ie, należy zmienić dwie ostatnie litery na -y i dopiero dodać końcówkę -ing
gdy czasowniki jednosylabowe oraz dwusylabowe - podwajamy ostatnią literę:
- swim - swimming
- travel - travelling
ALE :star: koncówki -w i -x to wyjątki
- wax - waxing
- mow - mowing
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PRESENT PERFECT
- twierdzenie: podmiot + have/has + III forma czasownika + ...
- przeczenie: podmiot + haven't/hasn't + III forma czasownika + ...
- pytanie: słówko pytające + have/has + podmiot + III forma czasownika + ...
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ABOUT PAST
telling a story
- Well, it's a lovely day and I'm just walking down the street when I see this funny guy walking towards me. Obviously he's been drinking, because he's moving from side to side …
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THINK
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zastanawiać się, rozważać
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TASTE
próbować, jaki coś ma smak
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smakować, mieć jakiś smak
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SMELL
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pachnieć, wydzielać zapach
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- School begins at nine tomorrow.
- What time does the film start?
- The plane doesn't arrive at seven. It arrives at seven thirty.
- He takes the ball, he runs down the wing, and he scores!
- Water boils in 100°C.
- It snows in winter here.
- Two and two make four.
- I will call you after (po tym jak) I arrive.
- Once (gdy tylko) you get there you should see the massive building.
- As (kiedy) I meet him I will give him all required documents.
- I'll come home when (kiedy) I finish work.
- We can spend time together as long as (tak długo jak) we want.
- Can you send me the money as soon as possible (jak najszybciej)?
- Please prepare the order by the time (zanim) courier comes.
- He feeds his dog before (przed) he starts work.
- You can't buy alcohol until (dopóki) you are eighteen.
- Where do you live?
- She works in a bank. (budynek)
- She works at the hospital. (instytucja)
- I don't like mushrooms.
- Do you smoke?
- I play tennis every Tuesday.
- I never study on Sundays.
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- Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
- You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
- Jeremy is sleeping at the moment.
- Are they having dinner now?
- Look! Mary is waiting at the bus stop.
- My sister is doing a driving course.
- I’m working on an important project this summer.
- Are they moving house?
- Tom is getting married this weekend.
- I’m meeting my friends tomorrow.
- When are you flying to Paris?
- It’s getting dark.
- My daughter is getting taller.
- Prices of food are getting higher.
- Temperatures all over the world are rising.
- More and more people are moving to the countryside.
- My boss is always criticising my work.
- John is always boasting about his money. I hate him!
- Why are you always leaving dirty dishes on the table?!
NON-CONTINUOUS VERBS Present Simple :check:
- określają emocję, pracę umysłu, zmysły
to believe - wierzyć
to belong - należeć
to hate - nienawidzić
to hear - słyszeć
to know - wiedzieć
to like - lubić
to love - kochać
to mean - znaczyć
to need - potrzebować
to own - posiadać
to prefer - woleć
to realise - zdawać sobie sprawę
to recognise - rozpoznawać
to remember - pamiętać
to suppose - przypuszczać
to understand - rozumieć
to want - chcieć
to wish - pragnąć, życzyć sobie:
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OKOLICZNIKI CZASU
- always - zawsze
- usually - zazwyczaj
- often - często
- sometimes - czasami
- rarely = seldom - rzadko
- never - nigdy
- everyday - codziennie
- every Monday - w każdy poniedziałek
- I love you.
- She is asleep / She is awake.
- This soup smells nice.
- John has broken his leg.
- Have you done your homework?
- The mechanic has finally fixed my car so I can visit you now.
- Can you help me? I haven’t written the report yet and my boss is asking for it.
- What’s happened?
- I have lived in this city since I was born.
- How long have you known Jim?
- My dad has worked for this company for over 30 years now.
- My husband hasn’t called me since morning.
- Since when have you been such a pessimist?
- I have had two cups of coffee today.
- You have to work faster. You have only called ten people this morning.
- Our company has sold more than 5000 cars this year and it’s only September.
- How many contracts have you and your team closed this week?
- Have you ever been to China?
- Jim has practised many different sports.
- I have never climbed a mountain.
- Jim has been sleeping for over twelve hours now.
- We have been driving without stopping since morning.
- I have been waiting for your reply for two days!
- How long have you been keeping it a secret from me?
- They have been trying to find the missing girl since last Tuesday.
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- I have been working hard since early morning. I’m really tired.
- It has been snowing all night so the road conditions are really bad.
- “Why are your hands so dirty?” “I have been working in the garden.
- Somebody has been using my towel! It’s wet!
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- Recently, my husband has been spending a lot of time at work.
- I have been reading more lately.
- My grandma hasn’t been feeling well lately. I’m worried about her health.
- Have you been talking to Ann recently?
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- Call me when you do your homework = Call me while doing your homework.
- Call me when you've done your homework = Call me when your homework is done.
- When you eat, use the fork and knife.
- When you've eaten, use the tissue.
- When he has sold all his newspapers he'll go home.
- After I have finished my grammar exercises I'll go out.
- As soon as they have repaired our car we will go for a trip.
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