The Warring States period

Eastern Han Dynasty

Eastern Jin Dynasty

Tang Dynasty

The compass promoted the Renaissance in western countries

a device called a Si Nan became the forerunner of the compass.

A Si Nan was a ladle-like magnet on a plate with the handle of the ladle pointing to the south.

In the 11th century, tiny needles made of magnetized steel were invented. One end of the needle points north while the other points south. The compass was thus created.

The compass greatly improved a ship's ability to navigate over long distances. It was not until the beginning of the 14th century that compass was introduced to Europe from China.

The invention of paper greatly contributed to the spread and development of civilization.

In 105 A.D. Cai Lun, a eunuch during the Eastern Han Dynasty, invented paper from worn fishnet, bark and cloth. These raw materials could be easily found at a much lower cost so large quantities of paper could be produced

The making technique was exported to Korea in 384 A.D. A Korean Monk then took this skill with him to Japan in 610 A.D.

In the 11th Century the skill was carried to India when Chinese monks journeyed there in search of Buddhist sutras.

Through the Arabs, Africans and Europeans then mastered the skill. The first paper factory in Europe was set up in Spain. In the latter half of the 16th century, this skill was brought to America. By the 19th century, when paper factories were set up in Australia, paper making had spread to the whole world.

It was not until the 12th century that Europe began to copy the Chinese method of making paper. Mass production began, which made it possible for Europe to solve the problem of the Renaissance.

Gunpowder was invented by ancient Chinese alchemists in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, originally for the purpose of refining the elixir of immortality. After continuous improvement, the power of gunpowder became more and more powerful.

Then in the late Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be used formally in military affairs, and it began to land on the stage of war.

Gunpowder in China propelled the course of world history.

With the development of sea navigation age and the rise of capitalism, gunpowder was their weapon to conquer the world. The ideological yoke of Medieval Catholicism in Europe was finally destroyed by gunpowder and firearms

The invention of gunpowder greatly promoted the process of *historical development*and was one of the important pillars of the Renaissance and religious reform in Europe.

It provided an important material condition for the Renaissance, and printing changed the civilization of Europe.

In the Tang Dynasty, people invented block printing by combining the two methods of engraving seals and rubbings on stones.

About 12  century spread to Egypt, along with the spread of papermaking, the paper has replaced the Egyptian papyrus, India leaves and European sheepskin, triggered a huge change, the writing materials 14th and 15th century Europe began to pop the printing press.