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Adjectives, Compar_iso_n, Gradable and ungradable adjectives - Coggle…

- - - - The hero was played by a young boy.
        Several young girls took the secondary roles.
        history - historic
        politics - political
        fashion - fashionable
        beauty - beautiful
        depend - dependent
        effect - effective
        danger - dangerous
        hope - hopeless
        inteeresting - interested
        home-made - red hot
        
        Old people are becoming more numerous. = The old are becoming more numerous.
        The government is looking at the problems of the disabled.
        The Japanese (or Japanese people) enjoy a high standard of living.
        What as amazing story! How amazing!
  - - - We've just seen an exciting film.
        I consider/find him (to be) very reliable.
        They're bulding a chemical plant outside the town.
  - - - That film was exciting.
        Try not to disturb the children, they are asleep.
        I consider/find him (to be) very reliable.
        They are doing experiments on live animals / animals which are alive.
        The project will appeal to students who are interested in ecology.
  - - - I'm looking for smth cheap.
        They say she's the oldest woman alive.
        I'm afraid that's the last ticket available.
        The project will appear to students interested in ecology.
        The meeting was full of concerned residents. ( = worried)
        The students concerned were a small minority. (=who took part)
        I'm afraid we have opposite points of view. (= contrasting)
        We used to live in the house opposite. (physically facing/ across from us)
        The present chairman is getting on a bit. ( = current/ existing now)
        We took a vote of all members present. (=physically there)
        Responsible parents have been outrged by this show.(=caring/conscientious)
        The person responsible will be caught and punished. (=who did the action)
        Ha gave us a ridiculously involved excuse. (=complicated)
        The president gave medals to all those involved. (=who took part)
- - - - A win, even by only one goal, would be a satisfying result?
        I never find fast food very satisfying.
        Recommendations from satisfied customer got our business off the ground.
        We follow up every complaint from customer dissatisfied with our service.
        The chosen song features innovative use of digital sampling.
        The song chosed may be a disappointment to lovers of traditional ballads.
        Please dispose of your cigarettes in the ashtrays provided.
  - - - I always seem to play for the losing team. (the team which is losing)
        She found the lost ring under the sofe. (the ring which had been lost)
        it was a frightening film. (it frightened us)
        I felt frightened when I watched that film. ( I experienced fear)
        The report was rather worring. (the report made readers feel anxious)
        The easiest route is that taken by Amundsen. (the one which was taken by)
        Those living in temporary accomodation will be rehoused within three months. (those people who are living in)
  - - - This Japanese maple is a particularly slow-growing variety.
        Handel's 'Xerxes' was a rarwly-performed opera until relatively recently.
        The marines made a death-defying leap over the cliff edge.
- - - - The builders took out the antiquated gas heating system.
        I've just bught this fantastic new mobile phone.
        It's a charming small French carriage clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth centry.
  - - - The chrome and steel facade glinted in the sunlight. (some parts were chome, some parts were steel)
        The players will be wearing blue and red shirts for this match.
        She's looking for a stable and long-lasting relationship.
        The flat was located in a rundown but central part of town.
        Group therapy can be a simple yet effective solution to this sort of problem.
  - - - I'm afraid the hotel was ancient, dirty and overpriced.
        I found him a friendly, knowledgeable and dedicated guide.
        I found him a friendly knowledgeable dedicated guide.
        We enjoyed sitting in the fantastic soft grey leather seats.
- - - - adjectives with 1 syllable:
        :pencil2: cheap
        :pencil2: safe (silent - e)
        :pencil2: dry (consonant + y)
        :pencil2: big (single vowel + a single consonant,)
        
        adjectives with 2 or more syllable
        :pencil2: expensive
        
        irregular adjectives
        good/bad
        far
        old
        
        comparative adjectives with 1 sillable
        :pencil2: cheaper (adj + er)
        :pencil2: safer (omit final e)
        :pencil2: drier (change y to i )
        :pencil2: bigger (double the final consonant)
        
        comparative adjective with 2 sillable
        :pencil2: more expencive (more + adj)
        
        irregular adjectives
        better/worse
        further/farther
        older/elder
        
        superlative adjectives
        :pencil2: the cheapest (est)
        :pencil2: the safest
        :pencil2: the driest
        :pencil2: the biggest
        
        superlative adjectives
        :pencil2: the most expensive (the most + adj)
        
        irregular adjective
        the best/worst
        furthest/farthest
        oldest/eldest
        
        than - to introduce a clause after a comparative adjective.
        
        we use other phrases btw a comparative adjective and a that clause.
        
        if the object of the comparison is a pronoun without a verb we usually use an object pronoun. if there is a verb we use a subject pronoun.
        
        we don't mention more twice.
        
        when we refer to a place or group we use in not of after superlative.
        
        in formal English we can put an 'of phrase' is at the begining of the sentence.
        
        Los Angeles is bigger than I expected it to be.
        Burgers were more expensive in this restaurant than in the others we visited.
        I'm taller than him. I'm taller than he is.
        Lester and Graves were more hardworking and determined than the others.
        New York is one of the largest cities in the world.
        Of the students in his class, he is the cleverest.
    - - comparative (compare two (or more) things or people)
  - - - I was more bored than I was on the flight to Spain.
        The photographer wanted smth more lively. (or livelier)
        Your son needs to develop a maturer(or more mature) attitude to his work.
        He's the unhappiest man in the world.
        I've got two cars but the Mercedes is the best.
  - - - elder, eldest - to talk about people's ages, especially people in the same family.
        :warning: we don't use elder, eldest to talk about the age of things.
        :warning: we can't use elder immediatey after a verb.
        
        further, farther - to talk about a 'greater distance'
        further (nor farther) with the meaning of 'extra' or ' more'
        
        Their eldest/oldest son went to Harvard. Mary is the eldest/the oldest.
        This is the oldest house in the street.
        My sister is older than me!
        
        John's house is the farther one.
        I've moved further away from my parents.
        Let me know if you have any further questions. (extra/more)
  - - - You should be more proud of the things you've already achieved.
        The cheeseburger's even more expensive than the fishburger.
        The hot dog's a bit cheaper than the hamburger.
        He's by far(easy) the cleverest student in his class.
        New Youk is one of the largest cities in the world
  - - - The fishburger is no more expensive than the hamburger.
        The fishburger isn't any cheaper than the hamburger.
  - - - I prefer the paisley pattern. It's less bold than the others.
        The hot dog is the least expensive.
        I prefer the paisley pattern. It isn't as bold as the others.
- - - - The hamburger is as expensive as the fishburger.
        It's just as bad as I predicted it would be.
        She's nearly as old as I was when I got married.
  - - - The hot dog isn't as expenive as the hamburger.
        The hot dog isn't quite as expensive as the hamburger.
        The fishburger isn't anything like as expensive as the cheeseburger
  - - - I'm afraid I can't identify her.
        It was so dark (that) I couldn't see her face.
        It was to dark (for me) (to see her face.)
        It was't light enough (for me) (to see her face)
        It was so dark as to make it impossible to see her face.
  - - - t wasn't as bad a result as I'd expected.
        It wasn't such a bad result as I had expected.
        It was such a dark night that I couldn't really see her face.
- - - - Her visits to the country to see her son became rarer and rarer.
        Marching into the sunset, the figures became smaller and smaller and smaller.
  - - - The longer you leave it, the worse it'll get.
        The more sophisticated the product, the more substantial.
        The potential profit.
  - - - Her eyes are more green than grey.
        I'm not so much disappointed as said.
        Her eyes are green rather than grey.
  - - - Listening to her was about as interesting as watching paint dry.
        She looks white as a sheet.
        The cruise ship was like a skyscraper lying on its side.
        You're as white as a sheet. I think you'd better see a doctor.
        I feel ful energy - I slept like a log last night.
        You look like a man who's seen a ghost!
        Simon's working as a waiter during the summer vacation.
        Use you payroll number as a password for the computer.
        We hope the new treaty will form a bridge between our two nations.
        (a bridge = a link) Sometimes hot the eye of heaven shines. (metaphor for the sun)
- - - - Modifying gradable adjective
        
        Strengthening the adjective
        
        to make gradable adjective stronger we can use very, so, rather, really, extremely, terribly, most(formal), pretty (informal).
        :warning: but not the adverb absolutely.
        
        other cases (see below)
        
        That new jacket looks very expensive.
        I felt pretty upset after the accident.
        
        Weakening the adjective
        
        fairly, slightly, a (little), bit (informal, and somewhat (formal)
        :warning: not very, not at all - to weaken gragable adjective after the verb be
        :warning: a bit - to make a critical remark more polite, in convrsation.
        
        Quite
        
        quite means 'fairly'
        
        in spoken English the meaning depends on stress and intonation.
        
        The lecture was quite interesting (fairly interesting)
        quite interesting (stress on adjective = more interesting than speaker expected)
        Quite interesting (stress on adverb = less interesting than the speaker expected)
      - Modifying ungradable adjective
        
        Strengthening the adjective
        
        absolutely (in spoken English)
        :check: we don't use very to make them stronger
        
        quite = completely
        
        most + adjective + noun
        
        other cases (see below)
        
        The show was absolutely fabulous.
        The tenor's performance was quite amazing.
        Hilary has a most amazing hairstyle.
        
        Weakening the adjective
        
        We can use: almost, nearly, practically, virtually
        :warning: don't use fairly, slightly, (a little)bit, somewhat, not very
        
        He never turns the heating on - it's practically freezing in there.
        The battery in my calculator is almost dead.
        
        Comparatives and superlatives
        
        they are not usually used in comparatives and superlatives.
        :warning: In spoken English we can use them to compare similar things at one end of a scale.
        
        we can use still more, even more
        
        I've never been more exausted than I was after the New York marathon.
        That was the most delicious meal you've ever cooked.
        Their house is even more enormous than Richard's!
      - Modifying gradable and ungradable adjectives in informal English
        
        really (the most common in informal English)
        
        real instead of really (in informal US English)
        
        nice and, good and - to intensify many adjectives.
        
        dead, slang words(e.g bleeding) can be use as intensifiers. (informal)
        
        That film was really exciting.
        That watch looks real expensive.
        The hotel was nice and clean.
        I'll come when I'm good and ready.
        The rollercoaster ride was dead scary.
        
        gradable and ungradable
        
        some adjective can have both meanings, depending on whether the speaker feels the adjective describes an absolute quality ot one which is relative to smth else.
        
        I'm afraid there are no rooms - the hotel is full. (ungradable = completely full)
        The hotel is very full but I think I can get you a single room for tonight.
        (gradable = has many guests but there is still some space)