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Metabolism - Coggle Diagram
Metabolism
Enzymes in Biochemical Reactions
Ligases
use free energy from ATP to form new bonds
Isomerases
rearrange atoms
Oxidoreductases
harvest free E from carbs
Transferases
transfers groups (i.e. hexokinase)
Hydrolases
cleave bonds by adding a water molec.
Lyases
cleave C bonds (no hydrolysis or redox)
Adenine Nucleotides
ADP
one anhydride bond
AMP
zero anydride bonds
ATP
2 high E anhydride bonds
instability of ATP:
resonance stabilization of products (Pi)
ATP -> ADP +Pi (1-> 2)
charge repulsion btwn. phosphates
stabilization due to hydration
ATP hydrolysis:
ATP + H2O --> AMP + PPi (release a little more E)
ATP + H2O --> ADP + Pi
ATP synthesis: oxidation of food or photosynthesis
free energy harvested by oxidizing the carbon w/ O2 --> CO2
enzyme oxides and phosphorylates G3P to make 1,3BPG + NADH
1,3BPG gives Pi to ADP --> 3-phosphoglyceric acid + ATP
Recurring Motifs
Activated e- carriers for reductive biosynthesis
NADPH
ketone -> alcohol
alcohol -> alkane
Activated carrier of 2-C fragments
Coenzyme A (CoA)
Activated e- carriers for fuel oxid.
oxid. products donate H to NAD+ --> NADH
FAD used to oxid. C-C bonds
Catabolism
break down of larger molecules
Citric Acid Cycle - some ATP produced
Oxidative phosphorylation - most ATP produced
Glycolysis - no ATP produced