Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CVS pathology 2 + 3 :<3: - Coggle Diagram
CVS pathology 2 + 3 :<3:
Congestive heart failure
Onset
Acute
Renin + aldosterone
:arrow_up: hydrostatic pressure
Oedema ; ascites
Water retention + hypervolaemia
Further :arrow_up: workload
Renal hypoxia
Chronic
:arrow_down: erythropoiesis
Anaemia
:red_cross: Cardiac reserve
:arrow_down: peripheral perfusion
Forward failure
Blood accumulation
Backward failure
Side
Left
Pulmonary congestion
Alveolar septal oedema
Cough
Focal intra-alveolar haemorrhages
"Heart failure" cells
Causes
Compromised myocardial contractility
Valvular insufficiency
Mitral ; Aortic
Congenital heart disease
Aortic stenosis
Right
Systemic congestion --> vena cava
--> portal system
Nutmeg Liver ; spleen
Causes
Valvular insufficiency
Tricuspid; Pulmonary
Pulmonary hypertension
Neoplasia
Primary
Rare
Rhabdomyomas / Rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle)
Schwannomas - cardiac nerves
Common
Haemangiosarcoma
Rupture
Haemopericardium
Cardiac tamponade
Lymphoma
Secondary - haemangiosarcoma
Pulmonary metastasis
Extra-cardiac
Chemodectoma
Heart base tumours
Chemodectoma
Cardiac failure
Vascular obstruction
Aortic body tumour
Dysfunctional chemoreceptor organ
Brachycephalic breeds
Congenital heart defects
Stenosis
Pulmonary
Types
Valvular
Abnormal development of valve cusps
Infundibular
Ventricular muscle wall hypertrophy
Below valve
Subvalvular
Excessive fibrous tissue proliferation
below valve
Effects
Post stenotic turbulence
Loud systolic murmur
Ventricular contraction
:arrow_up: pressure dilates pulmonary trunk
:arrow_up: resistance - pulmonary outflow
RV wall dilation + hypertrophy
Right side CHF
Aortic
Fibromuscular ring constriction
Aortic outlet
Effects
Loud systolic murmur
Ventricular contraction
Post stenotic dilation
Ascending aorta
:arrow_up: - aorta outflow
LV dilation + hypertrophy
Left side CHF
Septal defect
Interventricular
LV --> RV / pulmonary trunk
RV dilation and hypertrophy
Left side CHF
Pulmonary hypertension
Interatrial
Lung bypass
LA --> RA
Right side Dilation and hypertrophy
Right side CHF
Tetralogy of Fallot
Anatomical lesions
IV septal defect
LV--> RV
Aortic dextroposition
Aortic outlet opening
shifted to the right
Dexoygenated blood in RV enters aorta
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Extensive - generates RV > LV pressure
Deoxygenated blood enters aorta
Cyanosis
Hypoxia
Valvular dysplasia
Left AV valve insufficiency
Blood regurgitation LV --> LA
Systolic heart murmur
Left cardiac dilation
Left CHF
Short chordae tendinae + hypertrophy papillary muscles
Vessel disease
Vasculitis
Systemic infections / immune mediated
FIP
Ab-Ag deposition
Pyogranulomas
Macrophage infiltrate
Type 3 sensitivity
Purpura
Petaechia, ecchymoses, larger haemorrhages
Strangles (vaccination)
Local extension of infection
Omphalophlebitis "Navel ill"
Umbilical vein inflammation
Umbilical abscesses
Suppurative polyarthritis; Hepatic abscess
IV contamination
Thromboembolism
Endothelial injury
Heartworm disease
Postcaval syndrome
Passive congestion
Hepatomegaly
Intravascular haemolysis ; DIC
Glomerulonephritis
Immune complex deposition
Blood flow disruption
BF stasis
Hypercoagulation
Degeneration
Aneurysms
Outpouching of thinned and weakened portion vessel
Rupture - fatality with large arteries
Causes
Cu deficiency :pig2:
Spirocera lupi - spirocercosis :dog2:
Aortic aneurysm rupture
Strongylus vulgaris "Blood worm" :horse_racing:
Parasitic arteritis
Cranial mesenteric artery
Circulatory disturbances
Haemorrhage
Aortic rupture
Cardiac tamponade
Marked exertion :horse_racing:
Guttural pouch myoces
Internal carotid artery rupture
DoG
Congenital defects
Portocaval shunts
Portal vein linked to the systemic circulation
Blood bypass liver
Hepatic dysfunction
Ammonia accumulation
NS dysfunction
Hepatic encephalopathy