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Deworming, Refugia
=parasites that escape drug selection, Prepatent…
Deworming
Parasites
Small strongyles
Cyathastomes
-Weight loss, lethargy, inappetence, colic
Dx: low albumin, increase globulin, larval culture
-affect grazing horses
-don't need frequent tx
-disease only when high level infection
-lots resistance
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Programmes
Traditional
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every 8 weeks, 3 months or 6 months
Current
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tx 1-2 times yearly, more for high shedders
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Faecal egg count
Why do:
evaluate wormer
see if high or low shedder
determine species parasite
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Sample:
4 weeks beyond ERP
o 4g
o From multiple areas of manure pile
o Combine with saturated salt solution
o Strain
o Put onto microscope slides
Equipment:
o Weigh scales
o Microscope
o Counting chamber
o Flotation fluid
o Tea strainer
2ml syringe
60ml syringe
fresh faeces
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Limitations
dont reflect total burden
don't detect immature/larval stages
miss tapeworms & pinworms
Resistance
= Worms survive treatment
• Inherited trait
• Need resistant genes before treatment
• Want to have susceptible population on pasture
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