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Adulthood - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Abilities such as short term memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking
  - - - Increases with age
- - - - Identity concerns could be lifelong despite being originally situated during adolescence.
        
        Identity combines values and traditions from childhood with the current social context
        
        Since contexts evolve, adults reassess the four types of identity
    - - Adults seek intimacy in a close, reciprocal connection with another
    - - Adults need to care for the next generation by raising their own or mentoring, teaching and helping others
    - - The personal journey of a person's entire life
  - - - A theory that stresses the potential of all humans, who have basic needs regardless of culture, gender, and background
    - - Basic survival: need for food, drink, and shelter
    - - Being protected and defended
    - - Being loved and appreciated as a partner, family member, and part of a group
    - - Being respected, successful, and admired
    - - Becoming your unique and wonderful self
  - - - Imaginative, curious, artistic, creative, open to new experiences
    - - Organized, deliberate, conforming, self-disciplined
    - - Outgoing, assertive, active
    - - Kind, helpful, easygoing, generous
    - - Anxious, moody, self-punishing, critical
- - - - The process of aging, whereby the body becomes less strong and efficient
    - - Blood pressure increases with age
        
        High blood pressure increases risk of heart disease and stroke
      - The body naturally maintains a certain level of oxygen in the blood
        
        On average, oxygen dispersal into the bloodstream from the lungs drips about 4% per decade after age 20
      - The brain slows down as neurons fire more slowly and reaction time lengthens because messages from the axon of one neuron are not picking up as quickly by the dendrites of other neurons
        
        Brain size decreases with fewer neurons and synapses in adulthood
        
        Multitasking becomes harder, processing takes longer, and some complex working-memory tasks may become impossible
    - - Skin becomes dryer, rougher, and less even in color
        
        Collagen decreases by about 1% per year starting at age 20
        
        By age 30, skin is thinner and less flexible, cells just beneath the surface are more variable, and wrinkles become visible particularly around the eyes
      - Hair becomes gray and thinner
        
        First at the temples by age 40 then over the rest of the scalp
        
        Body hair becomes less dense over the 40 years of adulthood
        
        Men and women lose hair but patterns differ
        
        Women's hair is thinner overall
        
        Men lose hair on the top of their heads but not on the sides
      - The body changes between ages 25 to 65
        
        Waist circumference increases, muscles weaken, pockets of fat settle on the abdomen, upper arms, buttocks, and chin, people stoop slightly when they stand
        
        Apparent by age 50
        
        Muscles weaken, joints lose flexibility, stiffness is more evident, bending is harder, agility is reduced
        
        People lose about an inch by age 65 due to back muscles, connective tissue, and bones lose density, making the vertebrae in the spine shrink
    - - Vision
        
        Nearsightedness is affected by age
        
        Increases gradually in childhood, more rapidly in adolescence, stabilizes, then reverses in midlife
        
        Nearsightedness is reduced in the 50s but farsightedness increases
        
        It takes longer for the eyes to adjust to darkness or to adjust to glare
        
        Motion perception and contrast sensitivity slows down
        
        The lens of the eye thickens and brighter light is needed
      - Hearing
        
        Presbycusis
        
        A significant loss of hearing associated with senescence
        
        Not apparent until after age 60
    - - Sexual arousal occurs more slowly and orgasm takes longer
      - Menopause
        
        A women's menstrual period ceases and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops
        
        Usually around age 50
      - Andropause
        
        A drop in testosterone levels in older men, normally results in reduced sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass