SEMIOTICIANS ✏
⭐ Fernindand de Saussure.
Swiss linguistic- father of the 20-century linguistics
Saussure's definiton of a sign ✏
Many of the develoments of modern linguistics can be described as his concept ✏
🚩 His contributions
✅ Signifier
✅ Signified
The concept it represents.
The concept that is associated with the signifier.
Flowers
SIGN
His idea of arbitrary nature of the sign.
⭐ Charles Sanders Peirce
American logican, philosopher, mathematican, and scientist
🚩 His contributions
His sign definition
"Something which stands to somebody for something in respect or capacity"
✅ Interpretant : it is the idea or the interpretation in mind.
✅ Representation: it is the form that the sign take ( not necessarily material)
✅ Object: : It is what the sign refers to.
TREE
⚠ It is similar to the Signified
⚠ This is similar to the Signifier
3 types of signs
✅ Symbolic sign: the sginifer does not look like the signifed
( fundamentally arbitrary or purely convencional)
✅ Iconic Sign: the signifier is perceived that is looking like or imitating the signified.
✅ Idexical Sign: Signifier is directly connected in some way (physically or casually) to signified
French essayist and social and literary critic.
⭐ Ronald Barthes
🚩 His contributions
According to Ronald, there are two order signnifying system
✅ Denotation:
✏ The meaning you get from adictionary.
✅ Connotation:
❗ The idea or the interpretation that you have about the word .
🚩 Denotative signified:
🚩 Denotative Signifier:
A wooden or metal cross.
A cross
🚩 Connotative signifier
🚩 Connotative Signified
A religious symbol
His writtings on semiotics were called the formal study of symbols and signs pioneered by Fernindand de Saussure.
⭐ Jaques Derrrida
He is the most celebrated as the principal exponent of descontruction.
According to him, the written form is the signifier of a spoken signifier ✅
He mentioned about "game" of signification, which means the symbolic attributes words have . ✅
⚠ An independient animal, selfish
⚠ Loyal, more dependent and loving animal.
For instace
For example ✏
The signifiers ( words) mean more than the signifieds given (dictionary). ‼
It means connotation based on history, period, social class, culture, etc. 👥
⭐ Emile Benveniste
French structural linguistic and semiotician
🚩 His contributions
🚩 His contributions
*He explained about the speaking subject ( referent) and subject of speech (referee)*
In films
✏ Level of enunciations
✏ Level of fiction
Producion ( camera, editing, etc.) 🎉
Where the expectator finds himself and the characters he identifies with.
✅ Referent:
✅ Referee:
Refers as the person that is listening to or receiving the message ❗
Refers as the speaker that is talking to
She sent me a message explaining me what the task is
For example:
✅ SHE is the referent.
✅ ME is the referee.
