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Relative Clauses, (c) Elf-English.ru - Coggle Diagram
Relative Clauses
Non-defining
(add extra information about a noun)
Dorota, who does my hair, is from Mexico.
THAT is uncommon
This is Naomi, who sells the tickets.
I lent him "The Old Man and th Sea", which is really easy to read.
we MUST include a relative pronoun.
She met my brother, whom she later married
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WHO or WHOM as object. WHOM is very formal
Professor Peterson, who(m) I have long admired, is to visit the university next week.
WHICH as subject or object. THAT is sometimes used, but some people think it is incorrect
The Master's course, which I took in 2001, is no longer taught. (or.. that I took...)
without the clause,
the main information of the sentence
remains the same
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
It might rain, in which case we'll have to go home.
We waited for him until seven, at which point we gave up.
Facebook was founded in 2004, since when it's become a worldwide phenomenon.
Defining
(give essential information about a noun)
The woman who does my hair is from Mexico.
People who talk too much annoy me intensely.
THAT is common
Have you got a book which/that is really easy to read?
Where's the girl who/that sells the tickets?
Decorating's a job that I hate.
He's the man (that) I met at Mary's party.
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without the clause,
the meaning of the sentence is different
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THAT as a subject after: something and anything and words ALL, LITTLE, MUCH, and NONE
WHICH is also used after something and anything but less commonly.
These walls are all that remain of the city. (not which)
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WHOM, not who, is used after prepositions and phrases like MOST OF, ALL OF, MANY OF:
That's the man to whom I sold my car.
Several people came, most of whom I hadn't met before.
We can't use THAT after prepositions or in non'defining clauses:
My father, who has recently retired, spends all day reading the newspeaper. This is the house in which I grew up/ that I grew up in.
WHICH can refer to a whole sentence,
not just the subject/object
He was very quiet, which is unusual for him.
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