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Matter and its composition - Coggle Diagram
Matter and its composition
Every substance on earth is made up of matter. Matter is anything that has mass, occupies space and can be perceived by our senses.
There are different kinds of matter. Some are solid, liquid or gas.
The quantity of matter that a body contains is known as mass.
The space occupied by a body is called its volume.
The matter is made up of extremely small particles called atoms. An atom is the smallest possible unit of matter that exhibits all the properties of that matter.
Atoms usually do not have an independent existence, therefore they combine with one another to form another minute particle called molecule.
A molecule is the smallest unit of matter, it has a independent existence. Molecules are bigger than atoms. Both particles are not seen through the naked eye.
A molecule can be formed of the atoms of same kind or of different kinds.
A hydrogen molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms.
A nitrogen molecule is made up of two nitrogen atoms.
A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Properties of matter can be determined by their arrangement
Particles of matter have space between them. This space is called intermolecular or interparticular space.
Particles of matter are never still they are always in random vibrating motion.
These particles move because they possess kinetic energy. The kinetic energy increases or decreases with the change in temperature.
There is a force of attraction between the molecules, which holds an object together. This force is known as intermolecular force of attraction
There are 3 different states of matter: Solid, Liquid, and Gas. They mainly vary because of the intermolecular force of attraction.
A solid has a definite shape and volume. The particles have a very strong intermolecular force of attraction, but the intermolecular space is negligible. The particles vibrate in their mean position. Solids are incompressible and rigid.
A liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape. The particles have a weaker force of attraction compared to solids, but they have large intermolecular space. Liquids can flow, therefore they are called liquids. Liquids change their shape according to their container.
A gas has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. The intermolecular space is extremely weak and the space between them is large. They are fluids as well.
Interconversion is a process by which a state of matter changes into some other state by not changing the chemical composition.
There are 2 main reasons for change
Change in Temperature
By applying pressure
When temperature increases a solid changes into liquid and then into gas and when the temperature decreases just the reverse happens. In all three states the properties remain same.
By applying pressure gases can turn into liquid, for example if we apply pressure to nitrogen we can obtain liquid nitrogen.