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Multi-word verbs, Dependent prepositions - Coggle Diagram
Multi-word verbs
Form and use
Overview
- form:
verb + adverbial participle (away, back, out) prepositional participle (on, off, up)
- types:
:pencil2: intransitive phrasal verbs.
No object
:pencil2: transitive phrasal verbs.
The noun object can go before or after the particle.
:pencil2: prepositional verbs.
The object goes after the particle.
:pencil2: phrasal-prepositional verbs.
The object goes after the particles
- notes
:check: are used in questions and negatives and in the passive voice, in the same way as other verbs.
:check: never separate the verb and particle in the passive form:
:check: we can sometimes form nouns from multi-word verbs.
:check: in some cases when we form a noun out of multi-word verb the order of the verb and particle can be reversed.
- The plane took off very late.
- We're putting the party off/putting off the party because of the awful weather.
- How does she cope with all those kids?
- They're looking forward to the holidays
- Will you be putting the party off? (future continuous question)
The party has been put off until next month, (pr.perfect passive)
- That story was made up by a resentful employee.
- The car broke down five kilometres from home, (multi-word verb)
The breakdown happened five kilometres from home, (noun)
- The epidemic first broke out in Namibia, (multi-word verb)
The first outbreak of the epidemic was in Zaire, (noun)
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Formal and informal use
- if a multi-word verb has no exact synonym - formal, informal
- if a multi-word verb has equivalent meaning - a multi-word verb - informal context; the single verb - more formal context.
- grow up
- Honestly, how can you think about money at a time like that. (informal)
Honestly, how can you consider money at a time like that. (formal)
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Meaning
- sometimes it's possible to get the meaning from the particle.
but it cann't cover all cases
on - starting/ continuing/ progressing
out - thoroughness
up - completion/ finality
carry on, take on, get on
work out, see out, mark out
give up, break up, eat up
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Phrasal verbs
Intransitive verbs
- verb + adverb
- have no object
- can't be made passive
- sometimes are used in imperative
- Getting by on my salary isn't easy. (managing)
Rollerblading never really caught on in English. (became popular)
- My car broke down.
- Watch out! That floor's not very solid.
Come on! I can't wait all day
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Transitive verbs
- a verb + adverb + direct object (a noun - btw the verb and particle or after the particle / a pronoun - only btw the verb and particle)
- we can't put another adverb btw verb and particle ot btw the particle and object.
- we can't put a relative pronoun (which) immediately before or after the particle.
:fountain_pen: some phrasal verbs have differnt meaning: intransitive verb - one meaning; transitive verb - another meaning.
- It isn't true, I made it up. I made up that story.
- I paid the loan back early.
- That's the room which I did up.
- The plane took off on time. (intransitive=become airborne)
The man took off his coat. (transitive = remove)
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Prepositional verbs
form and use
- verb + preposition + object (a noun / a pronoun - both put after preposition)
- we can put an adverb btw the verb and preposition ( with phrasal verbs it's impossible)
- in formal Eng we avoid a preposition at the end of the sentence.
- we can put the preposition in front of the relative pronouns whom or which.
we can't put he relative pronouns after preposition.
- can be used in passive
- She looked for her missing passport. (= searched, tried to find)
Would you mind looking into his complaint? ( = investigating, researching)
We didn’t fall for it/his story.
- She parted reluctantly with her money
- These are the principles (which) our party stands for.
These are the principles for which our party stands.
The marketing strategy is aimed at a target audience of 18 to 25 year olds
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Dependent prepositions
General rules
Preposition + object
preposition after verbs,nouns, adjectives always have an object (noun/pronoun/verb)
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