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1.7 Exchange of nutrients and wastes - Coggle Diagram
1.7 Exchange of nutrients and wastes
types of nitrogenous waste (recognise)
Urea
Requires more energy than ammonia
Requires some water
Mammals
Uric acid
Requires a lot of energy
Requires no/little water
Reptiles and birds
Ammonia
Requires very little energy
Requires a lot of water
Fish and amphibians(frogs)
Parts of the nephron (explain)
Bowman's capsule
Surrounds the glomerulus, collects nitrogenous waste and other small soluble molecules forced by the high pressure in the glomerulus
Tubule (site of reabsorption)
Loop of Henle
Establishing a salt gradient (water & salt reabsorption by active transport)
Distal convoluted tubule
Site of reabsorption
sodium (mineral ion/active transport)
water (osmosis)
proximal convoluted tubule
Site of selective reabsorption
mineral ions (active transport)
glucose and amino acids
some water
Selective reabsorption
occurs along the kidney tubules
purpose: to recover vital substances and ions.
Glomerulus
Network of capillaries which filter various substances from the blood
Glomerular filtration: As a high pressure of blood from artery flows into the capillaries, it allows small molecules (glucose, amino acids, etc..) to pass from the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule.
Collecting Duct
Concentrates urine by reabsorping water (osmosis)
Secretion
??
Role of digestive enzymes (descirbe)
Protease
Breaks down proteins to amino acids
Lipase
Breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
Amylase
breaks down amylose into disaccharide
characteristics of absorptive surfaces (identify)
Large surface area
Increases contact area with enzymes/absorption
Microvilli(extensions on villi) on villi increases the surface area for absorption
Thin and single layer
Increases diffusion rate
