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ALKALOIDS - Coggle Diagram
ALKALOIDS
ISOLATION
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sepration of alkaloid small per of alkaloid from large crude drugs eg;;opium contains 10% of morphine;;chincona contains 5-8% of quinine.
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NOMENCLATURE
ACCORDING TO THEIR SOURCE;
according to their family they named
eg;papavarine,punarnavin,ephedrin.
ACCORDING TO THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE;
named according to their physiologicalresponse
eg;morphin meansgod of dreams,emetine means to vomit.
ACCORDING TO THEIR DISCOVER;
named according to their discover eg;pelletierine group has been named its discover,p.j.pelletier.
ACCORDING TO THEIR PREFIXES;
some prefix are fix in a nomenclatureof alkaloids,eg;epi,iso,pseudo.
CLASSIFICATION
HETROCYCLIC/TYPICA;
1.pyridine/piperidine
2.quinolines
3.isoquiolines
4.phenathrenes
5.indole alkaloids
6.pyrrole/pyrrolidines
7.tropane alkaloids
8.imidazole/glyoxalines
9.purines
10.terpenoid alkaloids
11.steroidal alkaloids.
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PROPERTIES
1.colourless
2.crystalline
3.non-volatile
4.solids
5.dextro rotatory
6.bitter taste
7.great medicinal value
8.powerfull poison.
DEFINITION
alkaloids means alkali likes w.meissner proposed the term alkaloids in 1819.alkaloids-alkali-base,oid-like substance are basic nitrogenous compound of plant origin which have complex molecular structure and many pharmacological activity.
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