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Networking and Protocols - Coggle Diagram

- - - - To standardize the format of a communication
      - To specify the order or timing of communication
      - To allow all parties to determine the meaning of a communication
    - - OSI Model
        
        used to describe and talk about the various layers in a protocol stack
        
        Application - Presentation - Session - Transport - Network - Data Link - Physical
      - TCP\IP
        
        network layer - internet - transport - application
    - - every layer can be understood only by the same layer on the remote computer
      - Each layer is aware of only the requirements that must be provided in order to communicate with the corresponding layer on the remote host
      - each layer isn't aware of contents of the data from other layer
    - - in BOOK
      - Header: assists the outers and gateways between the two machines in sending the packet along its way
      - decapsulation.
        
        process of stripping off one layer's headers and passing the rest of the packet up to the next higher layer
- - - - a network layer protocol
        
        which are part of the transport layer
      - is a peer of IP
        
        still encapsulated in an IP packet.
      - IP, TCP, and UDP all rely on ICMP
        
        to provide information about network conditions
      - 2 Purpuse
        
        report errors or troubleshooting
        
        Tied to version of IP:
        
        ICMPv6 is implemented for IPv6 networks
      - It is datagram based
      - ICMP packets have only three header fields, fewer fields even than UDP
  - - - Header
        
        Key Fields
        
        IP Version, 4 Bits
        
        Protocol,
        
        TTL
        
        Fragmentation
        
        S,D address
        
        Most IP headers have no options set and will have a length of 20 bytes.
        
        If options are used, the header will be longer than 20 bytes. The options field can be of variable length
        
        Some IP options
        
        Record Route
        
        Tells a router to add its IP address to the options field.
        
        IP Timestamp
        
        Tells a router to write a timestamp into the options field.
        
        Strict Source Routing
        
        Allows the sender to specify the exact route a packet should take to the destination.
        
        Loose Source Routing
        
        Allows the sender to specify a list of routers a packet must pass through. It may also traverse other routers if required.
      - IPV4 Vs IPV6
        
        128-bit address
        
        accommodates 340 undecillion addresses
        
        Provides authentication ofendpoints
        
        Support for encryption in protocol
        
        Quality of Service (QoS) features provided in the protocol
        
        32-bit address
        
        accommodates 4.2 billion
        
        No authentication
        
        Encryption provided by applications
        
        Best effort transport
    - - Features
      - Header
    - - Works at the internet layer of the TCP /IP stack
        
        Layer 3 of the OSI model
      - The core routing protocol of the Internet
      - Deals with transmission of packets between endpoints
      - the basis for all communication on the Internet
      - IP does not provide any mechanisms for guaranteed delivery or delivery in sequence.
        
        relies on upper-layer protocols and applications to provide mechanisms,