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Justice and the Market, Libertarian argument of self-ownership: I own my…

- - - - Objection 1: Fairness and Freedom
        
        There is a degree of coercion-- class discrimination and coercion is present if economic disadvantage is the main factor for someone to join the army. The book uses the example of young people to be coerced into risking their lives in exchange for a college education or other benefits.
        
        By removing social inequalities, the objection is removed. IF everyone had the same access to educational opportunities and other benefits, the objection that some are being "unfairly pressured by economic necessity"(pg 92) will be removed.
      - Objection 2: Civic Virtue and the Common Good
        
        Hiring soldiers is wrong since it disproportionately affects the poor and allows us to abdicate a civic duty. Turning a civic duty into a marketable good undermines freedom
    - - Allowing for paid substitutes
        
        "Rich man's war and poor man's fight" was a form of class discrimination; only the rich could afford to pay for a substitute.
        
        This puts a price on human life. Another draft law that offered a commutation fee allowed for draftees to pay the fee instead of serving. The fee costed almost a year's wages for an unskilled laborer. Soon after, that draft law was eliminated, but the right to hire a substitute remained. In both cases, money was a way out of the conscription system by putting a price tag on civilian lives.
      - Libertarian POV: conscription is unfair because it implies that the government owns its citizens and can require them to serve and risk their lives at war against their will.
      - Utilitarian POV: "conscription reduces people's welfare by preventing mutually advantageous trades"(pg 90)
  - - - Libertarian POV: "to uphold a contract between two consenting adults is to respect their liberty." (pg 95)
      - Utilitarian POV: to "promote the general welfare; if both parties agree to a deal, both must derive some benefit or happiness from the agreement" (pg 95)
      - Objections
        
        Objection 1: Tainted Consent
        
        One objection about the contract is that the surrogate mother was not aware of the feelings she may have after giving birth. The bond between a biological mother and child is something that cannot be predicted. Another factor was the financial obligation between the surrogate mother and the family. By having a financial tie the surrogate mother would have skewed feelings of releasing the rights to the baby
        
        Objection 2: Degradation and Higher Goods
        
        This objection discusses the idea of monetizing and putting a price on human life. By creating a contract, we are devaluing and exploiting human life and women's reproductive rights. Contrary to Bentham's utilitarian value, Anderson argues that placing a utility/value on everything will degrade acts like parenting, or children.
    - - As technology advances, so do the ethics behind surrogate pregnancies. Yet, commercializing paid pregnancies and exploiting the poor does not change the ethics even when technology does.
- - - - I own my body, I can sell parts of it
    - - It's my life, I can end it if I want to
    - - "An extreme form of assisted suicide", banning it is a violation of liberty (74)
    - - Objection 1: Taxation is Not as Bad as Forced Labor
        
        Employers have the choice to work less to pay less in taxes, yet when a worker is forced to work this does not become their choice anymore.
      - Objection 2: The Poor Needs More Money
        
        Although someone may need more financial support, this does not correlate to the idea that they have a right to additional funding.
      - Objection 3: Michael Jordan Doesn't Play Alone
        
        Michael Jordan has already been paid his wages for the service he provided. Just because he is on a team, does not mean others have a right to his salary.
      - Objection 4: Jordan is Not Really Being Taxed Without his Consent
        
        Voting is important! Yet - regulations can still pass even when we cast the opposing vote.
      - Objection 5: Jordan is Lucky
        
        "dangerous. If Jordan is not entitled to the benefits that result from the exercise of his talents, then he doesn’t really own them." (pg 69)