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CHAPTER 20: Validity & Reliability - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 20: Validity & Reliability
Validity
Refers to the degree to which a study accurately reflects or assesses the specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure
Face Validity
Concerned with how a measure or procedure appears
Criterion related Validity
Referred to as instrumental validity, is used to demonstrate the accuracy of a measure or procedure by comparing it with another measure or procedure which has been demonstrated to be valid
Construct Validity
Seeks agreement between a theoretical concept and a specific measuring device or procedure
Content Validity
Based on the extent to which a measurement reflect the specific intended domain of contain
Reliability
Refers to how consistent a measuring device is.
Inter-Rater or inter observer reliability
Inter-Rater reliability is the extent to which two or more individuals (coders or raters) agree.
Test-retest reliability
Compares result from a initial test with repeated measures later on
Parallel-forms or Alternate-Forms Reliability
Used to assess the consistency of the result of two similar type of test that are used to measure the same variable at the same time
Tests for Homogeneity or Internal consistency
Internal consistency is the extent to which test or procedures assess the same characteristic, skill or quality.
Difficulties of Achieving Reliability
Important to understand some of the problem concerning reliability which might arise.
How to take care about Validity issue
Self-report Measures
Much social science research relies on the report, memories, and experiences of human participating Researcher need to know what people actually do or think, but this is difficult to ascertain Researchers can use control checks, such as asking question in several different ways, to increase the validity of self-report claims.
A Metaphor: Metaphor for relationship between reliability is that of the target.
Reliable not valid
You are consistently & systematically measuring the wrong value for all respondents
Valid not Reliable
Randomly spread across the target. You seldom hit the center of the target but on average you are getting the right answer for group (not very well for individual)
Neither Reliable Nor Valid
Your hits are spread across the target and u are consistently missing the center