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Common pathogens causing septicaemia (+ bacteraemia) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Pathogenesis
        
        Septicaemia -->
        
        Localisation to other organs
        
        Placenta - abortion
        
        Intestinal epithelial cells
        
        Carrier state - source of infection
        
        Liver and spleen
    - - Virulence factors
        
        Endotoxin
      - Pathogenesis
        
        Neonatal septicaemia
      - Route of transmission
        
        Normal flora in intestine
        
        Migrates outside gut
  - - - ss. equuli
        
        Pathogenesis
        
        "Sleepy Foal Disease"
        
        Septicaemia in neonatal foals
        
        Joint ill, navel ill (omphalitis)
        
        Failure of passive transfer - disposition
        
        Transmission
        
        Normal flora
        
        Mucous membranes - horses + pigs
        
        Mare - oral, umbilical, respiratory route
      - ss. haemolyticus
        
        Horses - oral and GIT flora
      - Actinobacillus suis
        
        Transmission
        
        Normal flora - pigs
        
        Nostril, tonsil and vagina
        
        Opportunistic - endogenous infection
        
        Entry points into bloodstream
        
        Tonsil ; skin breaks; aerosol route
        
        Pathogenesis
        
        Piglets (1-8 weeks)
        
        Acute septicaemia
        
        Symptoms
        
        Petechiae; endocardition; oedema
        
        Respiratory distress, neurological + death
        
        Older pigs
        
        Localised lesions
        
        Mengitis, arthritis, pneumonia etc.
    - - Types
        
        B + E
        
        Bovine Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
        
        Exotic
        
        Not normal flora
        
        Highly virulent
        
        A
        
        Fowl Cholera
        
        Large scale outbreaks
        
        Emerging in Aus
        
        High mortality
        
        Chronic: Caseopurulent inflammation
        
        Haemorrhagic forms
        
        Haemorrhage + oedema
      - Route of transmission
        
        Normal flora
        
        Mucous membranes of oral and nasal cavities
        
        Upper resp and GIT
        
        Endogenous infections
        
        Opportunistic
        
        Stressor eg. transport
      - Pathogenesis
        
        Bronchopneumonia; Rhinitis
        
        Septicaemia
        
        Bite wound abscess
- - - - IV catheterisation contamination
    - - Septicaemia; endocarditis; pneumonia
  - - - Neonatal septicaemia
        
        Puppies and kittens
        
        Fading syndrome (s.canis)
        
        Horse -s. equi ss zooepidemicus
        
        Pigs - s. suis
        
        Zoonotic
        
        Meningitis - paddling pigs ; Acute death
        
        Weaners (4-8 weeks)
    - - Maternal source
        
        Normal maternal flora
        
        Vagina; mouth
        
        Pigs - pharynx and tonsils --> piglet pharnyx
        
        Umbilicus entry
  - - - Systemic infections
        
        Bacteraemia - neonatal septicaemia
        
        Endocarditis
      - Localised infections
    - - Endogenous - opportunistic
        
        Wide AMR
        
        Correcting underlying disease
      - Saprophytes - environmental source
- - - - Haemolysis ; motile; catalase +ve
        
        Distinguish from Erysipelothrix
    - - Visceral form - neonatal septicaemia
        
        Ingestion --> intestines --> liver + spleen --> setpticaemia
        
        Monogastric species
      - Abortion
        
        Localisation - placenta
      - Neurological
        
        Meningoencephalitis - circling
  - - - Pathogenesis
        
        Young Pigs -septiceamia
        
        Highly virulent
        
        Acute + fatal
        
        Less virulent
        
        Chronic localisation
        
        Arthritis; vegetative endocarditis
        
        Generalised skin infection
        
        Diamond skin disease
        
        pink / purple rhomboid skin lesions
        
        Severe (deep purple): necrotic and sloughing
        
        Mild fever (light pink)
        
        Partial immunity + low virulence
        
        Thrombus formation
        
        Immune complex deposition
        
        Subcutaneous vessels (Arthus reaction)
        
        Type 3 hypersensitivity
        
        Acute manifestations
        
        Older pigs - Arthritis
        
        Chronic joint localisation
        
        Antigen persistence
        
        Immune mediated
        
        Synovial membrane hyperplasia
        
        Pannus formation
        
        Cartilage destruction + lysis
        
        Ankylosis of joint
        
        Velvety membrane
        
        Fibrovascular + histiocytes
        
        Ruminants: polyarthritis
        
        Vegetative valvular endocarditis
        
        Mitral valve
        
        Dissemination --> circulated infarcts
        
        Localisation - spleen and kidney
    - - Dogs- endocarditis
      - Most strains non-virulent
    - - Environmental source
        
        Sewer effluent; fresh and saltwater fish; decaying vegetation and soil
        
        Exogenous: Ingestion of contaminants
      - Normal flora
        
        GIT + mucous membranes
        
        Tonsils of healthy pigs
        
        Primary reservoir
        
        Discharged in secretions
        
        Faeces; urine; saliva; nasal
        
        Exogenous: Direct contact; wounds and arthropod bites
        
        Ruminants: Umbilicus ; husbandry procedures
        
        Endogenous - host compromise
    - - Neuraminidase enzyme*
        
        Cleaves salic acid
        
        Vascular damage + thrombus formation
        
        Cell surface adherence
      - Capsule
        
        Heat labile
        
        Prevent phagocytosis
      - Adhesive surface proteins
        
        RspA; RspB