What is the most effective way for greenhouse farmers to have success growing non-seasonal vegetables in winter?

Specific non-seasonal vegetable

Winter

Effective way

Success in growth as measured by ...?

Greenhouse farming

Considering average climate according to seasonal and territorial conditions - especially the challenges

Excessive rainfall

Decrease in temperature

Climate (SA - Mediterranean)

Longevity (period of time plant is able to sustain for)

Root growth

Survival rate/yield (percentage surviving plants)

Spinach

Artificial maintenance of optimum growth conditions to counter unsuitable environmental state

Lowered light intensity (UV, mean days of sunlight etc.)

Glucose content (caloric value through enthalpy)

Determining, achieving and maintaining optimum conditions for a specific non-seasonal plant

Capsicum

Beans

Corn

Cellular respiration rate

Vegetable size/yield (mass/diameter)

Change in carbon dioxide

Production of oxygen

Growth rate

Ensuring adequate nutrients are present

Constant optimum temperature

Sufficient irrigation

Soil quality