Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

C*nditionals - Coggle Diagram

- - - - If clause, main clause
        
        main clause if clause
        :check: If clause then main clause to emphasise that the result depends on the condition being achieved.
        :check: use only the main clause (In conversation)
        :check: main clause + if-clause + main clause - this is rare:
        
        If I had a car, I would take you.
        I would take you if I had a car.
        f the bill is passed by both parliamentary houses, then it becomes law.
        Actually, it would be pretty difficult, (if we did as you asked)
        It may be possible, if both parties desire it, to reduce the time scale.
    - - our choice of tense depends on
        
        the time of the condition (past, present or future)
        
        how possible or impossible we think the event is:
        
        zero conditional - possible at any time, but most commonly in the present:
        
        first conditional - possible in the future
        
        second conditional - impossible in the present, possible (but improbable) in the future
        
        third conditional - Impossible in the past
        
        If your dog is depressed, he probably needs more exercise.
        If the single flops, they’ll sack their manager.
        If you were a bit nicer, he wouldn’t get so cross.
        If you had answered the door, she wouldn’t have gone away again.
  - - - f you don’t look after tomato plants, they die very quickly.
        Prawns are very risky to eat if they haven’t been kept at the right temperature.
        If she’s travelling abroad on business, she always phones me every evening.
        If you can read this, you're driving too close to me.
        If we chip pan sets alight, throw a fire blanket, not water, on it.
        
        Use:
        situations that can occur:
        1) at any time (present, past, future)
        2) often more than once
        3) always have the same results
        :pencil2: we can use an imperative instead of present tence in the main clause
        
        If I eat dairy products, I get red spots on my skin.
        If you use a very hot iron on nylon, it melts.
  - - - If the museum charges for entry, many people won't be able to visit it.
        If the results of the customer survey are favourable, the supermarket is going to introduce a new range.
        Should you be less than delighted with our product, we will refund your money immediately.
        The company will impose sanctions if the workers won't abandon the strike. (refusal)
        
        Use:
        1) possible futire events and their results
        2) Commands (imperative in the main clause)
        3) Offers
        4) Suggestions
        5) Warnings
        
        If the result of the test is negative, you'll receive notification through the post. If you get home late, don't wake us up! I'll call the hotel if you don't have time. Shall we go out tomorrow if the weather's good? I'll call the police if you don't leave right now.
  - - - 1) If they wanted to make an offer, she would listen and think it over.
        If a celebrity were staying in the hotel, security arrangements would be tightened.
        More funding for AIDS research could be secured if people were more aware of the dire situation in Africa.
        ** If the programmer were familiar with this language, it would be an easy job.
        ** The blockades wouldn’t happen if the police would be firmer with the strikers.
        2) If the printer should break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
        If you were to listen more carefully, you might understand a little more.
        ** Were you to accept our offer, we could avoid the costs of a court case.
        **Should the tickets fail to arrive before the departure date, we would arrange to have duplicates waiting at the airport.
        
        Use:
        1) an improbable future event or situation. it's impossible to fulfil the condition.
        2) a hypothetical current situation or event. the condition is unlikely to be fulfilled.
        :check: the choise btw the 1 and the 2 conditional depends on how possible the speaker believes an event to be:
        3) giving advice (with were)
        4) polite requests:
        5) desires/regrets
        
        If the result of the test were positive, we would call you within two days.
        If the police were confident of their case against Sykes, surely they wouldn't hesitate to take him into custody? (= The police aren't confident of their case.)
        If I were you, I would take her out of that school.
        If you could deal with this matter, I’d be very grateful.
        If we didn’t have to work so hard, we could spend more time together.
  - - - 1) If we had paid our cleaner more, she wouldn't have left us.
        If someone had been teasing your child so nastily, you would have behaved in the same way.
        If I had known her a bit better, it might have been easier to break the news.
        If the play would have finished on time, we wouldn't have missed the train. Had the film been released in the summer, it woudn't have been so successful.
        
        Use:
        1) hypothetical situation in the past that is ontrary to known facts, an unreal or impossible situation.
        2) to express critisism
        
        I would have used your builder if I had managed to contact him.
        If you'd been driving more slowly, you could have stopped in time.
  - - - Use:
        
        describes a hypothetical situation or event in the present, which is contrary to known facts.
        
        the result in the main clause refers to the past.
        
        If the island were still a tourist attraction, last week's earthquake would have caused far more deaths.
    - - Use:
        
        describes a hypothetical situation or event in the past, which is contrary to known facts.
        
        the result in the main clause refers to the present.
        
        If Fleming hadn't discovered pencillin, there would be farmore fatalities every year than there actually are.
  - - - unless = if..not, only if
        :warning: unless is not always an alternative to if
        when the negative condition after if contrary to known facts
        in most questions
        :check: we can use unless with not
        
        Unless you've got a doctor's note to say you've passed the medical, they won't allow you to go on the activity holiday. ( if you don't have a doctor's note..., they won't allow you...)
        I wouldn''t be willing to help you out again unless you paid me. ( = I would help again only if you paid me)
        You'd be happier if you didn't have such such high expectations.
        What time shall we leave for the theatre if he doesn't turn up?
        The college will offer you a place on next yesr's course, unless your school-leaving grade is not as predicted. (=if your school grade is as predicted)
        Are they going to seil? Not unless they receive an exceptional offer. ( = They won't if they don't receive)
    - - provided/providing (that), so/as long as/ on (the) condition (that) = only if
        :warning: we don't use them with 3 conditional bc they refer to present or future.
        
        but for + noun phrase
        
        The system will not have to be drained provided that antifreeze has been added.
        Expences will be reimbursed on the condition that all receipts are submitted.
        We'll have the party here, so long as you also arrange the catering.
        They would have all perished, but for the quick thinking of the driver. (=... if it had not been for the quick thinking of the driver)
    - - suppose / supposing (that)
        
        what if
        :check: we often omit the result with this conjunctions.
        
        in case
        :warning: not the same as if. (see examples)
        :check: we often use in case to imagine a precaution necessary for a situation.
        :check: in case + noun is more formal, often used in instructions
        
        Suppose he asked you to go to the cinema with him, would you go?
        What if the money doesn't arrive on time?
        I'll pop round later in case you're there. (= I don't know if you'll be there)
        I'll pop round later if you're there. (= I'll only come if you're there)
        She gave me the key to get in the house in case you were out.
        In case of (an) emergency, pull the cord above the bath.
    - - even if
        
        Even if they do go down with flu after they've had the vaccination, it's likely to be less seriously.
    - - whether ... or not
        :warning: used in all conditional patterns
        
        They'll deliver the furniture whether there's someone to receive it or not.