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SX: HEAD & NECK - Coggle Diagram
SX: HEAD & NECK
:check:NASAL CAVITY
TREPHINATION
INDICATION
1 empyema
- sinusitis
- cyst
- neoplasm
- repulsion of molar teeth
ANES
- standing + local infiltration 2. GA
ANATOMICAL BOUNDARIES
- Caudal maxillary sinus : 2-5cm rostral to the medial canthus and 2-3 cm dorsal to the facial crest.
- Rostral maxillary sinus : 2-3cm dorsal to the rostral end of the facial crest
- Frontal sinus : 2-3 cm cranial to the medial canthus, about 5 cm from midline in between the eye
BONE FLAP
-
ANES
- standing + local infiltration 2. GA
Anatomical boundaries
Maxillary sinus
-Rostral margin : line drawn from rostral end of facial crest to the infraorbital foramen
-Dorsal margin : line from infraorbital foramen to the medial canthus of eye
-Caudal margin : line from medial canthus to the caudal aspect of the facial crest (parallel to rostral margin)
-Ventral margin : facial crest
Frontal sinus
- Caudal margin : perpendicular line from dorsal midline to a point midway between supraorbital foramen and the medial canthus of the eye
-Lateral margin : begin at caudal margin 2-2.5cm medial to the medial canthus of eye and extend to the point 2/3 the distance from medial canthus of the eye to the infraorbital foramen-Rostral margin : perpendicular line from dorsal midline to the rostral extension of lateral margin
:check: LARYNX
Prosthetic laryngoplasty (“tie-back”)
-Place a prosthetic (non absorbable suture) between the cricoid and arytenoid cartilage.
-Goal : to provide a permanent abduction of the affected arytenoid cartilage to allow adequate air flow during exercise
Laryngeal Re-innervation
-Intend to re-innervate the muscle that control abduction of arytenoid cartilage
-Take a nerve (cervical nerve) and place it in the muscle that innervates the arytenoid cartilage.
-Usually done in young horse
Ventriculectomy (Hobday)/ Ventriculocordectomy
-Remove the ventricle and/or vocal cord to widen the airway
Arytenoidectomy
-Remove the paralyzed arytenoid cartilage to enlarge the opening of the trachea
-Done in horse that failed Prosthetic Laryngoplasty @ horse with infected arytenoid cartilage
:check:DENTAL
Tooth extraction
ANES
-Standing sedation
-Local anesthesia
*Inferior alveolar nerve (lower teeth)
*Infraorbital nerve ( upper teeth)
*Maxillary nerve (upper teeth)
Restraining technique
-Head rest on headstand @ suspended in dental head collar-One assistant is needed to stabilize the head
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