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Enzymes - Coggle Diagram
Enzymes
Factors Affecting Enzymes
Temperature
Optimum Temperature
Plants 20-30 degrees celsius
Below/above optimum temperature
Reduced activity
Humans 37 degrees celsius
Extreme temperatures
Denaturation
Concentration
Enzyme/Substrate concentration
pH
Optimum pH
Pepsin (Optimum pH = 2)
Catalase (Optimum pH = 7)
Amylase (Optimum pH = 7)
Below/above optimum pH
Reduced activity
Extreme change in pH
Denaturation
Active Site Theory
Induced Fit Model
Flexible active site
Enzyme is specific for its substrate
Substrate induces active site to change shape
Lock and Key Model
Enzyme = Lock (specific for its substrate)
Substrate = Key (fits the shape of the enzyme)
Rigid active site
Enzyme/Substrate Complex forms to create product
Immobilised Enzymes
Methods
Physical
Enclosed by a membrane
Enclosed by a gel
Absorption
Chemical
Bonded to each other
Bonded to inert support
Advantages
Reusable
Economical
Increased enzyme stability
Purer product
Bioprocessing
Bioreactor
Batch cultures
Continuous-flow cultures
Enzyme Roles
Anabolic Enzymes
Converts simple molecules to a complex form
DNA Polymerase
Repairing DNA
Rubisco
Photosynthesis
DNA Ligase
Genetic Engineering
Catabolic Enzymes
Breaks down a substance into simpler parts
Amylase
Digestion
Structure
Protein
Folded chain of amino acids
3D/Globular
Function
Biological Catalysts
Speed up reaction
Not used up in the reaction
Specific to a substrate
Required in small Quantities