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Database and Information Management - Coggle Diagram

- - - - When there is data redundancy and inconsistency, it creates confusion to the user, becasue there is no common jargon or terms use for a specific data.
        
        Ex. When you open the uitm i-learn page, it requires you to put in your student id and password, then the teacher asked you to switch with u-future, which requires you to login to the website, but it display a different data; it requires you to enter ID and password. Now, you might be thinking, is the 'ID' means 'Student ID'?
  - - - Ex. Let's say there is a file that requires to key in a field of 5-9 digit number. What if there is some changes to the file, like additional 3 digit required to open the file? Tarditional data files doesn't have the features to do that and if do so, it needs lots of investment (money) to it..