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Effects of climate change - Coggle Diagram
Effects of climate change
Higher temperatures
Affect hydrological sycle
precipitation will increase in high altitudeds
precipitation will decrease in the mid latitudes
more frequent extreme weather patterns
Warming the ocean affect ocean circulation systems
Sea level rise
thermal expansion of oceans
increase melting of snow and ice caps
by 2100, sea level may rise by 26-82 cm
Impact on water resources
Reduced water resources
reduction in precipitation
higher evaporation rate
reduction in glacier and snow water storage
rising sea level increase saline intrusion of groundwater
Further impacts
affecting aquatic secosystems as water bodies dry out
desertification
loss of crops and reduction in yield
loss of livestock
dry environmental conditions
increase mortality of wildlife
reduction in biodiversity
for societies
conflict over limited water resources
migration for employment and basic resources
reduced electrivity generation from hydroelectric plants
Flooding
caused by increase in frequency and intensity of precipitation
increased risks in middle and high latitudes
consequences
sewers to overflow
contamination of drinking water supplies
increase risk of disease
landslides
injury or death by drowning
damage to homes and possessions
displacement of people
Impact on agriculture and fisheries
Agriculture
crop yield increase in mid to high latitude regions
crop yield decrease in low latitude regions
higher temperature and higher carbon dioxide
high rate of photosynthesis
overall reduction of wheat and maize
less impact on rice and soya bean
extreme events
heat waves
drought
flood
detrimental effect on crop and livestock productivity
dry conditions
increase risk of wilf fires
environmental conditions become favourable for pests
Fisheries
higher temperature range lead to reduction of biodiversity
migration of fishes
increase range of distribution of fish adapted to warmer waters
change in spawning period, expanding growth season
Coral bleaching, reduction in biodiversity
Impact on ecosystems and biodiversity
Ecosystems under threat from
increase in temperature and precipitation patters
increase risk of flooding
drought conditions
increase risk of wild fires
increase spread of pests
ocean acidification
Range shifts
shift of biomes due to change in climatic conditions
geographical range may expand, threatening other biomes
less adaptive species may have risk of becoming extinct
if change is rapid, species may not have time to move quickly, therefore die immediately
Migration patterns
seasonal changes determine migration
climate change alter migration and mating time
early births may have high mortality rate due to availability of food
Impact on coastal systems and low lying areas
Rising sea level increase risk of flooding of low lying coastal regions
This lead to
Salinization of agriculture reducing crop growth
degradation of coastal ecosystems
damage to inland ecosystems threatening wildlife
contamination of freshwater
damage to infrastructure, thus risk to human life
Impact on human health
Insufficient water and food resources
Spread of diseases
Degreaded ecosystems reducing goods and services
extreme weathers such as heat waves, storms and floods
Heatwaves result in cardiovascular and respiratory problems
Intense rainfall contaminate drinkable water and cause harm to infrastructure, agriculture and lead to migration
Environmental refugees