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The History of Management - Coggle Diagram
The History of Management
The Seeds of Management
In Sumer 8000-3000 BCE used clay tokens to calculate quantities of grain and livestock. Other things were later added.
They later used writing to establish value. It was used make management of trade easier in the temples they traded in.
In the construction of the Pyramids, they first faced problems. They went on to make plans, and started organizing and controlling different aspects.
The Egyptians had started making written requests that were sent to higher ups to make sure the plans worked correctly
How Ideas are used today?
Most logistics in management today are made through writing. Sticky notes, emails, text documents, slideshows, ect.
Emails are often sent to people with more knowledge about a specific concepts. People often send questions or concerns to bosses or other managers to find help for problems
Many Charts that maximize time are used today, Often using multiple axis like Gantt did.
HR departments are found in most mid to large size companies
Before big cities were built, most people worked from home, or on their farms. Once more people worked together management was more necessary.
Scientific Management
Before the late 1800's people did not look at management as a science, and only looked at it as book keeping and other similar work.
Later on, people began researching and making academic journals on the meatheads and science behind management.
Frederick W. Taylor
He struggled and tried to find out how to make his workers do his idea on a "fair day of work"
He eventually worked with them to show his standard, His idea was to lead them by example to show the quality he was looking for. This was his start of finding what one could do to refine management.
He tried to give breaks to workers, to see if that would make the day more productive during work times
Breaks within a workday are a common practice in american culture today, Sometimes they are even mandatory
Other breaks are necessary too, like vacation, or in times in need you can take a break form production to fix common problems
After Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth used a new technology to study management.
They Used film to slow down the the footage of workers to eliminate unnecessary tasks the one was doing. They would make the jobs simpler and easier without sacrificing quality.
Using this study maximized efficiency and worked up to 300% more efficiency
After the Gilbreth family cam Gantt.
He Created the Gantt Chart, It was a schedule to make things in the development process to go by quicker, often having tasks overlap to maximize time
4 Principles of Scientific Management
Develop a Science of a task
Select and Train a person, rather than them choosing
Cooperate with workers to make sure all work is completed correctly
Do an equal division of work between management and the workers
Types of management found throughout history
Bureaucracy- the exercise of control on the basis on knowledge
Elements of Bureaucratic Organizations
Qualification based Hiring, Merit-Based Promotion, Chain of command, Division of labor, ect.
Max Weber wanted to make management based off of knowledge and command, rather than monarch's qualities (likeness or wealth)
Administrative- the tasks given to run a business
Henri Fayol, Helped fix Comambault, a steel company by liquidating the company, taking a 4 month break from production, and giving the workers new tools and items to make efficacy go up.
Human Relations Management
Creates oppertunity to learn and compromise with fellow employeees and solve conflict. Often makes a safer place for workers.
The Hawthorne effect found a correlation between management's care for workers and productivity
Operations, Information, Systems, and Contingency Management
Operations Management, is the management of quantities. It deals with math and finds measurements in costs and productivity
Information Management is to record history and other important info. It used to be recorded by hand, and filed. Now it is usually kept in a cloud online.
System Management is taking a smaller chunk of the business and laying it out into subsystems with can be individually managed to help the entire system/company.
Contingency Management is the idea that there is not always a clear-cut approach to managing, and sometimes needs a new eye to look at the problem and plan accordingly.
