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Bacterial causes of anaemia - Coggle Diagram
Bacterial causes of anaemia
Haemotrophic mycoplasma (Haemobartonellosis)
Pathogenesis
Extravascular Haemolytic anaemia
(Jaundice)
Hepatic conjugation + bilirubin excretion overwhelmed
Severe and acute
Mycoplasma haemofelis
Epierythrocytic bacteria
Bind via fibrils
Direct RBC damage
Increase osmotic fragility
Shortening RBC lifespan
Trigger anti-erythrocytic antibodies
Diagnosis
Cannot be cultured
Ear vein
Real time PCR
Fluctuations
Serial tesing - multiple samples
Giemsa (Diff Quik)
Coomb's test
Auto-antibodies
Treatment
Antibiotics
Tetracycline
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
Fluoroquinolone
Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Resistant to beta-lactams
Lack of cell wall
Susceptible to heat;disinfectants
Pleiomorphic
Supportive therapy
Fluid; oxygen; blood transfusion
(Corticosteroids)
Anaplasmosis
Treatment / Control
Live vaccine
A. centrale
Less virulent
Targets: Babesia spp; A. marginale
Tick control
Imidocarb + oxytetracycline
Babesia + Anaplasma
A. marginale
Anaplasmosis in ruminants
Erythrocyte parasite
Immunity development
Increased susceptibility with age
Recovery grants lifelong immunity + carrier status
Maternal antibody
Age resistance
Until 9-12 months
Endemic stability
3 mo protection
Transmission vector
Rhipicephalus microplus
Not passed onto eggs
Later stages of life
Mechanical transmission
Biting flies
Fomites
Trans-placental
Diagnosis
Giemsa stain blood smear
Erythrocyte periphery
PCR; Serological (antibodies)
Post-mortem
Anaemia; jaundice; splenomegaly
5-10% mortality rate
Clinical signs
Anaemia; jaundice; respiratory distress
Anaplama platys
Canine infectious cyclic thrombocytopaenia
Diagnosis
Initial Thrombocytopaenia
7-14d intervals - serial testing
Platelet injury
Subsequent autoimmune disease
Clinical signs
Anaemia; fever; lymphadenomegaly (hyperplasia)
PCR; Giemsa stained blood film
Treatment
Tetracyclines and enrofloxacin
Tick control
Transmission vector
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Platelet parasitism
Intracytoplasmic vacuoles
Ehrlichia canis
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
Treatment/ control
Nationally notifiable
Tetracycline - doxycyclin
Tick control
Diagnosis
Clinical signs
Fever; anaemia; thrombocytopaenia
Blood smear ; Haematology
Buffy coat smear
More detectable in acute, severe cases
(Serology);PCR
Unreliable
Pathogenesis
1-3 weeks incubation
Subclinical
Sequestered in spleen
Monocyte parasitism
Intracytoplasmic morulae clusters
Transmission vector
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
3 host
Transmitted between feeding from infected hosts
Trans-stadial
Blood transfusions