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Criteria for evaluation - Coggle Diagram
Criteria for evaluation
Validity
External validity
: Treads
Setting
(the findings do not generalize to other environments or situations.)
Pretesting
(A pretesting threat means that the observed effect is found only when a pretest is performed)
Reactivity
(the participants or experimenter react to the fact that they are participating in a research study.) is associated with the artificiality of the research setting
can also occur in natural settings
Solution
: can be reduced by replicating a study in a different time or by repeating a study in different settings.
History
(the observed effect doesn't generalized to other time periods)
Solution
: can be reduced by replicating a study in a different time or by repeating a study in different settings.
Selection
(the hypothesized relation only holds for a specific subset of people or if the results in our study are biased due to over or under-representation of a certain subset)
Solution
: Repeating a study with different groups of subjects. Random sampling of the research sample, also referred to as probability sampling.
Construct validity
Internal validity
: Treads
Participants
Maturation: growing older, hungrier, more tired, and so on.
Solution: comparison of 2 groups
Selection
Solution: random assignment
Selection-by-maturation
Instruments
Low construct validity
Instrumentation
Testing
Artificiality: Experimenter Blind Design + Double Blind Research Design
Research setup
Ambiguous temporal precedence
History (unforeseeing event, long-scale)
Mortality (dropout)
Reliability