Types of Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction
SIDAH Secretion
SIADH secretion is a condition of excessive production and release of ADH :
Symptoms
Fluid retention, low urine output, hyponatremia
Diagnostic criteria
Highly concentrated urine with a high sodium content
Absence of renal, adrenal, or thyroid abnormalities
Hyponatremia (serum sodium less than 135 mEq/L)
Hypotonicity (plasma osmolality less than 280 mOsm/kg)
Treatment
water restriction, isotonic or hypertonic saline administered intravenously.
Diabetes Insipidus
DI is a condition of insufficient ADH
Clinical manifestations
Water loss, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle thirst, and twitching.
Diagnostic criteria
Detection of dehydration,serum solute concentration, ADH levels, and urine-specific gravity
Treatment
Hydration treatment, use of desmopressin (DDAVP), a synthetic vasopressin analog
Hyperthyroidism
A state of excessive thyroid hormone.
Clinical manifestations
Diagnostic criteria
Measurement of serum TSH level, Increased uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid
gland confirms the diagnosis.
Treatment
Oral thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Cushing Syndrome
A condition of prolonged exposure to
elevated levels of either endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids
Clinical manifestations
Increased infections, poor wound healing, impaired stress response
Diagnostic criteria
Based on a 24-hour urine collection during which elevations in cortisol excretion are noted. Tumor identification etc.
Treatment
Corticosteroid medications, surgery for removal of tumor
Addison Disease
Acute ACTH deficiency
Clinical Manifestations
Skin melanocytes, hyperpigmentation, or
darkening, of the skin and mucous membranes.
Diagnostic criteria
Laboratory analysis of electrolyte levels demonstrating hyponatremia and
hyperkalemia. Serum corticosteroid levels can also be measured
Treatment
Isotonic IV fluid replacement and infusion of hydrocortisone sodium succinate or phosphate
Hypothyroidism
Wight loss, agitation, goiter, exophthalmos, palpitations, tremors, fine hair, oily skin,
Diagnostic criteria
Sensitive TSH assay, free T4, total T4, and
T3 uptake, thyroid autoantibodies, and antithyroglobulin tests
Treatment
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl),
A state of deficient thyroid hormone
Clinical manifestations
weakness, weight gain, dry skin, coarse hair, constipation, myxedema