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Sustaining Ecosystems - Coggle Diagram
Sustaining Ecosystems
Rainforests
Soil profile
Top soil - Mixture of decomposed organic matter and minerals - Nutrient poor due to leaching and the large biomass
Sub soil - Deep layer of soil, contains minerals
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Layers
Canopy - Receives 80% of the sunlight, has the highest biomass
Understory - Consists of trees reaching around 20 metres, most animals excluding birds are found here
Emergent - Highest layer of trees, reaching around 50 metres
Shrub layer - Ground level, plants adapt to little sunlight, many insects are found here
Human impacts
Soil erosion - Caused by deforestation, causes a loss of fertile land due to a reduced ability to store water and nutrients
Changes to the carbon cycle - Caused by deforestation, decreases the amount of carbon uptake from the trees, increasing carbon levels in the atmosphere
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Union Glacier Camp (cs)
Located in the south of Antarctica, acts as a hub for expeditions, research and tourism
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Ecology
Biomes
Savannahs - Found between 5^ - 30^ north and south of the equator, high temperatures, low rainfall, not much variety in flora, wide variety of fauna.
Deserts - Found along the tropics, extremely high temperatures during the day, extremely low temperatures at night, very little rainfall, few animal and plant species.
Tropical rainforests - Centred on the equator, high temperatures, high rainfall, wide variety of plant and animal species.
Deciduous forests - Found around 50^ latitude, temperate conditions, moderate rainfall, consists of broad-leaf trees, variety of organisms.
Coniferous forests - Found around 60^, temperate conditions but colder than deciduous forests, moderate rainfall, consists of conifers which are evergreen, variety of organisms, (also called taiga / boreal forests)
Tundra regions - Found at and around the poles, extremely cold temperature at day and night, very little rainfall, low variety in life, plants include shrubs and mosses.
Key words
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Biotic components - Living things, e.g. Fauna, Flora, etc.
Biome - A large geographical area of distinctive climate and plants and animals which have adapted to the conditions.
Abiotic components - Non-living things, e.g. Air, water, heat, soil, etc.
Ecosystem - A community in which organisms interact with each other and with the abiotic components of their environment
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