Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

(QUINOLONES & FLUROQUINOLONES), low potency modest blood &…

- - - - Limitations
        
        limited actions due to low potency
        
        modest blood and tissue levels
        
        limited spectrum
        
        high frequency of bacterial resistance - developed rapidly
      - Uses
        
        Urinary & GIT infections
        
        Urinary antisepsis
        
        diarrhoea caused by Proteus, E.coli, Shingella, Salmonella
      - Adverse effects
        
        rarely: GIT upset, rashes, phototoxicity
        
        neurological toxicity:
        
        headache,
        
        drowsiness,
        
        vertigo,
        
        visual disturbance,
        
        occasionally seizure
        
        G6PD pt may develop haemolysis
        
        Dose: 0.5-1g TDS or QID
      - MOA/spectrum
        
        active against Gram-negative, especially coliforms
        
        act by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase
        
        bactericidal
      - Pharmacokinetics
        
        orally absorbed
        
        highly plasma protein bound
        
        partly metabolized in liver
        
        excreted in urine
        
        half-life: 8hrs
        
        conc of free drug attained in plasma and tissues at usual dose is non-therapeutic
        
        high conc. attained in urine is lethal to common urinary pathogens
  - - - 3rd generation FQ
        
        isomer of Ofloxacin, and replace Ofloxacin
        
        broad spectrum activity, treat wide range of disease infections
        
        treat prostatis caused by E. coli ans sexual transmitted diseases, except syphilis
        
        alternative therapy for gonorrhea associates chlamydia infections
        
        treat skin infections, acute sinusitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
        
        used for community-acquired pneumonia & nosocomial pneumonia
        
        excellent activity against respiratory infections use to S. penumoniae
    - - 2nd generation FQ
        
        effective against:
        
        gram-ve (P. aeruginosa) & gram+ve organisms
        
        in treating complicated and uncomplicated UTIs and prostatis
        
        not effective against systemic infections
    - - 3rd generation FQ
        
        enhanced activity against gram+ve organisms - eg. S. pneumonia
        
        excellent against many anaerobes
        
        very poor activity against P. euruginosa
    - - 2nd generation FQ
        
        most frequent used
        
        effective against many systemic infections, except MRSA, the enterococci and pneumococci
        
        useful in treating:
        
        infections by Enterobacteriaceae and other gram+ve bacilli
        
        traveler's diarrhea caused by E.coli
        
        use as prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax
        
        alternative drug for ceftriaxone to treat typhoid
        
        pseudomonal infections associated with cystic fibrosis
        
        most potent FQ for Pseudonomas aeruginosa infections
        
        alternative for aminoglycosides
        
        act as synergistic with B-lactams
        
        beneficial in treating resistance tuberculosis