chapter 6 POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PHASES

1947-1958

Establishment of pakistan

Pakistani objectives resolution 1949

Salient features of constitution of 1956

1958-1969

Basic Democratic System 1959

Salient Features of Constitution of 1962

Regime of General Yahya Khan

Causes of Separation of East Pakistan

1971-1977

Main Aspects of Economic Reforms

Salient Features of Constitution of 1973

1977-1988

Major Aspects of the Islamization Process During 1977 – 1988

The Era of Government of Muhammad Khan Junejo

Afghan Jihad

1988-1999

The Third Era of Prime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif & PML(N) Govt.

14th august 1947. had 2 arts. first governor genral of pakistan =quada azam. Provisional constiution was adopted with modificaltion in indian acit of 1935. federal system was launced according to this constituion. Liaquat ali khan first prime minister he got objectives resolution passed form the assembly and established a basic principle comitee to draw the new constitution

March 12, the constient assembly adopted a resolution moved by the prime minister.important for formulation of constitution

Mian points are

Sovereignty

Islamic Legislation

Federal Government

Fundamental Rights

Development of Backward Areas

Protection of Minorities

Independence of Judiciary

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Written Constitution

Flexible Constitution

Federal Constitution

Parliamentary System

Unicameral Legislature

Independence of Judiciary

Single Citizenship

Fundamental Rights

Official Language

Islamic Provisions

Constitutional Institutions

General Muhammad Ayub Khan deposed Iskander Mirza in October 1958. He imposed Martial Law.
During the period of Ayub Khan, the war between Pakistan and India started in 1965. fatima jinna took part in practical politics and contested election against him he rules for 10 years

In 1959, the then President introduced a new system of Basic Democracies

Union Council & Union Committee

Tehsil (Sub-district) Council and Thana Council

District Council

Divisional Council

Provincial Advisory Council (PAC

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Written Constitution

Federal Constitution

Presidential Constitution

Rigid Constitution

Unicameral Legislature

Single Citizenship

Fundamental Rights

Islamic Provisions

Islamic Advisory Council

National Languages

Indirect Democracy

first genral elections of pakistan helf in 1970.

In December 1971, East Pakistan was separated and became a new country
named Bangladesh

Ayub Khan’s Dictatorial Era

Lack of National Leadership

Poor Economic Condition

Negative Role of Hindu Teachers

Issue of Bengali Language

Provincial Prejudices

Territorial Politics of the Politicians

Conspiracies of Big Powers

Six Points Formula of Sheikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman

Bhutto – Mujeeb-ur-Rehman Differences

Success of Regional Parties

Military Action

Hijacking of Ganga Aeroplane

India’s Military Interference

chair man of ppp zulfiqar ali bhutto fbecame president of pakistan on 20th december 1971. he brought constitution of 1973 which unianmmously approved and started nuclear programme

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Nationalization of Industries

Nationalization of Banks and Insurance Companies

Land Reforms

Agricultural Reform

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Preamble

Written Constitution

Federal Constitution

Semi-Rigid Constitution

National Language

Islamic Constitution

Independent Judiciary

Parliamentary Constitution

Constitutional Institutions

Bicameral Legislature

Fundamental Rights

On 5th July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew the Bhutto’s government and declared martial law. He
ruled over the country for about 11 years from July 1977 to August 1988.

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Shariah Courts

Shariat Ordinance

Zakat and Usher Ordinance

Abolition of Interest

Islamiat and Pakistan Studies as Compulsory Subjects

Prayer arrangements

Ehtram-e-Ramzan Ordinance

Establishing Religious Schools (Madrassas)

Compulsory study of Arabic

In 1985, General Zia-ul-Haq amended 1973 Constitution from parliamentary system to presidential system General Zia-ul-Haq become the president for the next five years, and Muhammad Khan Junejo became the prime minister

 Lifting up Martial Law

 Muhammad Khan Junjo as President of the Muslim League

 Foreign Tour

 Development programme of Muhammad Khan Junejo’s Government

 Ojrhi Camp Disaster

 The Dismissal of the Junejo Government

The invasion by Russian forces into Afghanistan in 1979 created a new challenge for Pakistan. General
Zia-ul-Haq stood against the intervention of the Russian forces in Afghanistan.

The beginning of jihad

Geneva Accord

The Impact on Pakistani Society

First Government Era of Benazir Bhutto

General Elections were held in 1988, and the leader of Pakistan People’s Party, Benazir Bhutto was elected But this government remained for one and half year . year, when the President Ghulam Ishaq Khan using the powers under Section 58-2-B of the constitution. dismissed the Benazir Bhutto’s government and dissolved the assembly

Important events

 The dissolution of the Balochistan Assembly

 Presidential Election

 Pakistan rejoins Commonwealth

 Foreign Policy

 Social Welfare

 The Dismissal of Benazir Bhutto’s Government

elected as PM in 1990 election only remained for 2.5 years. when President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dissolved the assembly
and dismissed government by using the section 58-2-B

Important events

 Announcement of Agricultural Policy

 Privatization Commission

 Agreement among provinces on water distribution

 Baitul Maal

 Foreign Policy

 National Plans

 The dismissal of Nawaz Sharif’s Government

Second Government Era of Benazir Bhutto

oct 1993 PM . but this government remained for three years, when President Farooq Ahmed dismissed the
government and dissolved the assembly by using the section 58-2-B.

Importsant events

 Development programmes

 Plans for farmers and women

 Eighth 5-year plan

 Foreign visits and the Kashmir Issue

 NWFP Assembly was dissolved

 Dismissal of Benazir Bhutto’s Governmen

Second Government Era of Nawaz Sharif

New elections Pm on feb 1997. 12th October 1999, General Parvez Musharaf removed the democratic government
of Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif and took over the country

Important events

 The resignations of Justice Sajjad Ali Shah and President Farooq Ahmed Khan Laghari

 Justice (Retd) Rafiq Tarar elected as President

 ‘Retire debt, adorn the country’ scheme

 Rights of vote to Pakistanis abroad

 Restriction on floor crossing

 Census of 1998

 The announcement of an education policy

 Lahore Islamabad Motorway

 The repeal of clause 58-2-B from the 1973 Constitution

 Atomic blasts (Pakistan as Nuclear Power)

 Lahore Declaration

 The entry of army into WAPDA

 Kargil Invasion

 The removal of Nawaz Sharif Government

1999 ONWARD

The Era of General Pervez Musharraf:

suspended the constitution, overthrew the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and dissolved the national and provincial ASSEMBLIES

IMP events

 Devolution Plan, 2000

 War on Terrorism

 National Referendum, 2002

 Presidential Election, October 2007

 National Re-Conciliation Order

 Benazir Returns to Pakistan

 Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO), 2007

 Imposition of Emergency

 Impacts of emergency on Economy

 Elections 2008

 Death of Benazir Bhutto

The Era of President Asif Ali Zardari & PPP Government

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 Long March

 Terrorism and Military Operations (Rah-e-Rast, Rah-e-Nijat, Malakand)

 18th Constitutional Amendment

 Elections 2013

The Third Era of Prime Minister Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif & PML(N) Govt.

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 Operation Zarb-e-Azab

 PTI’s Azadi March, PAT’s Inqilaab March

 Electoral Reforms

 China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)

 Rising Economic Growth

 Imprisonment of Nawaz Sharif and Maryam Nawaz

 Shahid Khaqan Abbasi as New Prime Minister

 Elections 2018

The Naya Pakistan of Prime Minister Imran Khan

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 NAB Role

 Corruption Scandals

 FATF

 Taxations Reforms