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pneumonia - Coggle Diagram

- - - - coagulation combined with endothelial damage can interfere with blood flow and cause vessels to become leaky
        
        tissues begin to swell as fluid and microorganisms escape into surrounding tissues
        
        tissue edema in lungs leads to pulmonary edema-SOB
        
        bleeding can occur if supply of coagulation proteins becomes overworked
        
        cytokines also cause blood vessels to dilate, leads to hypotension
        
        dehydration also occurs
        
        contributes to organ failure
      - The inflammatory reaction is mediated by the release of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins, and prostaglandins, from neutrophils and macrophages. The cytokines activate the extrinsic coagulation cascade and inhibit fibrinolysis. These overlapping processes result in microvascular thrombosis; thrombosis is one potential factor producing organ dysfunction
  - - - when organs dont recieve oxygen or nutients they can become damaged
        
        sufficient damage leads to failure
        
        failure of one organ can cause failure of multiple organs in the body
- - - - can lead to sepsis
        
        Can lead to septic shock:
        
        Septic shock: Sepsis that causes dangerously low blood pressure (shock) is called septic shock. As a result, internal organs typically receive too little blood, causing them to malfunction. Septic shock is life threatening.
        
        organ failure
        
        Sepsis: Bacteremia or another infection triggers a serious bodywide response (sepsis), which typically includes fever, weakness, a rapid heart rate, a rapid breathing rate, and an increased number of white blood cells. The response also affects many internal organs, such as the kidneys, heart, and lungs, which begin to fail.
        
        organ dysfunction
      - Immune system doesnt protect the body from bacteria and bacteria enters the blood stream
- - - - Accumulation of neutrophils and plasma into specific lung area or lobe
        
        Irritation and attempted clearance of airways
        
        Infiltrates accumulate inside alveoli with airway clearance
        
        Productive cough
        
        Fluid build up causes white opacities to appear on X-ray
        
        Consolidation
        
        Alveolar sacs are blocked by build up of fluids
        
        decreased gas exchange
        
        hypoxemia
        
        central and peripheral chemoreceptors increase respiratory rate
        
        dyspnea
      - Accumulation of infiltraes into alveolar walls
        
        thickening of alveolar walls, increases diffusion distance between alveoli and capillaries in lung
        
        decreased gas exchange
        
        hypoexmia
        
        central and peripheral chemoreceptors increase repisratory rate
        
        dypnea
        
        Irritated alveolar walls cause individual to cough
        
        Dry cough (since fluid infilitrates are not in alveoli
    - - systemic cytokine release leads to disruption of thermoregulation
        
        fever
        
        chills