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Pneumonia - Coggle Diagram
Pneumonia
lung disease caused by inflammation of the airspaces in the lungs, most commonly due to infection. PNA may be caused by viral infections, bacterial infection, or fungi.
Bacterial Pnuemonia
: more likely to occur in people with heart disease, emphysema, heart disease. this is treated with antibiotics.
if left untreated, can progress to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
SEPSIS
sepsis starts when the body’s response to a chemical in the bloodstream is out of control and leads to a large inflammatory response with many symptoms that can lead to damage multiple organ systems
potentially if not resolved can lead to severe sepsis and later septic shock
Multi System Organ Failure
small blood clots from throughout the body which can block oxygen and blood flow to vital organs and other parts of your body. this leads to organ failure and tissue death such as gangrene
changes in mental status, low platelet count, abnormal heart functions, weakness, changes in skin color, chills
increased heart rate, fever, increased breathing rate, low blood pressure, dyschromia (alteration in skin/nails)
Bacteremia
serious complication in which bacteria from the initial site of infection (alveoli) spread into the blood.
Bacteria escape the weakened host immune response and increase in number and become a local infection that eventually migrate to the bloodstream
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common bacteria
Most common symptom is fever
can occur in both lungs, one lung or a section of a lung.
symptoms: high fever, coughing brown, yellow, bloody mucus, chills, fatigue, low appetite, elevated HR, confusion if older
systemic defense mechanisms in response to infection gives rise to inflammation of the lung parenchyma
viral pneumonia: commonly caused by flu (influenza)
Fungal pneumonia: less common, but typically occur in people who've had an organ transplant, chemo, HIV or if you work in certain jobs that may come into contact with fungal spores. (farmer, landscaper etc).
signs and symptoms
cough, chest pain, producing phlegm, fever, chills, SOB, fatigue,
Mucus in the alveoli leads to a disruption of oxygen exchange.
Microbe colonizes alveoli or bronchioles
infection causes alveoli to become inflamed and fill up with fluid
gas exchange in alveoli becomes more difficult
mucociliary clearance becomes impaired
accumulation of secretions
congestion: This stage is characterized by grossly heavy and boggy appearing lung tissue, diffuse congestion, vascular engorgement, and the accumulation of alveolar fluid rich in infective organisms. There are few red blood cells (RBC) and neutrophils at this stage.
leads to patchy consolidation, crackles, infiltrates