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Early Childhood Development Ages 2-6 IMG_14531, Signs of Maltreatment,…

- - - - Obesity causes long term health issues including disease and reduces immunity
      - Due to lack of exercise, more TV time, and poor choices in food
    - - Children are consuming more than enough calories but the calories lack efficient amounts of iron, zinc, and calcium
  - - - Sleep becomes more regular, emotions become more nuanced and responsive, temper tantrums subside, and uncontrollable laughter and tears are less common
    - - Neurons have only two kinds of impulses; active or inactive
      - Impulse control-the ability to postpone or deny the immediate response to an idea or behavior
      - Preservation-the tendency to perserve in, or stick to, one thought or action for a long time
      - Adults have to aid in teaching a child to balance between the two in order to achieve a healthy brain and balance
    - - Some stress but not too much aids cognition
      - Excessive stress leads to permanent damage to brain pathways, blunting or accelerating emotional responses
- - - - Symbolic thought-a major accomplishment of preoperational intelligence that allows a child to think symbolically, including understanding that words can refer to things not seen and that an item, such as a flag, can symbolize something else (in this case, a country)
      - Animism-the belief that natural objects and phenomena are alive, moving around, and having sensations and abilities that are human-like
      - Centration-a characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child focuses (centers) on one idea, excluding all others
      - Egocentrism-Piaget's term for children's tendency to think about the world entirely from their own personal perspective
      - Focus on appearance-a characteristic of peroperational thought in which a young child ignores all attributes that are not apparent
      - Static reasoning-a characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child thinks that nothing changes. Whatever is now has always been and always will be
      - Irreversibility-a characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child thinks that nothing can be undone. A thing cannot be restored to the way it was before a change occurred
      - Conservation-the principle that the amount of a substance remains the same (i.e. is conserved) even when its appearance changes
  - - - Present challenges, offer assistance (without taking over), add crucial information, encourage motivation
      - fast-mapping-the speedy and sometimes imprecise way in which children learn new words by tentatively placing them in mental categories according to their perceived meaning
      - Overregularization-the application of rules of grammar even when exceptions occur, making the language seem more regular that it actually is
      - Pragmatics-the practical use of language that includes the ability to adjust language communication according to audience and context