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ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - MILD HYPERTENSION
    - - CHLORTHALIDONE
      - HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
      - INDAPAMIDE
      - CHLOROTHIAZIDE
      - METOLAZONE
    - - VENTRICULAR RHYTHM DISTURBANCES
      - DECREASE IN GLUCOSE TOLERANCE
      - HYPOCHLOREMIA
      - HYPONATREMIA
      - HYPOKALEMIA
      - VOL DEPLETION
      - ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIES
  - - - MODERATE / SEVERE HYPERTENSION
    - - HYPOMAGNESEMIA
      - HYPOCHLOREMIA
      - VOL DEPLETION
      - HYPOCALCEMIA
      - HYPONATREMIA
      - HYPOKALEMIA
    - - FUROSEMIDE
        
        LASIX
      - BUMETANIDE
        
        BUMEX
    - - CANT TOGETHER W/ GLYCOSIDES
      - CANT TOGETHER W/ AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS
      - CANT TOGETHER W/ ARRYHTHMATIC DRUGS
      - PROBENIC REDUCE EFFECT OF LD
  - - - SPIRONOLACTONE
- - - - CLONIDINE
        
        ADVERSE EFFECTS
        
        DIZZINESS
        
        SEDATION
        
        REBOUND HYPERTENSION AFTER WITHDRAWAL
        
        NOT TOGETHER W/ TRICYCLIN ANTIDEPRESSANT
        
        DRY MOUTH
      - MONOXIDINE
      - METHYLDOPA
        
        ADVERSE EFFECTS
        
        SEDATION
        
        HEPATITIS
        
        HAEMATOLOGIC TOXICITIES
        
        DRY MOUTH
        
        OEDEMA
        
        CAUSES
        
        Stimulate central inhibitory alpha-adrenergic receptors
        
        lower arterial pressure
        
        FALSE NEUROTRANSMISSION
        
        REDUCE PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY
    - - METHYLDOPA & CLONIDINE
        
        STIMULATE A2 ADRENORECEPTORS
        
        INHIBIT NE RELEASE
      - MOXONIDINE & CLONIDINE
        
        ACT ON I1 RECEPTORS IN ROSTRAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA
        
        Decrease sympa outflow
        
        dec vasoconstriction // HR // myocardial contractility
        
        Increase parasympa outflow
        
        decrease HR
  - - - TERAZOSIN
      - DOXAZOSIN
      - PRAZOSIN
    - - EXERT MINIMAL EFFECTS ON CO // GFR
      - BLOOD FLOW NOT DIMINISHED
      - REDUCE PVR & BP
  - - - SEXUAL DYSFX
      - PARASYMPA BLOCKAGE
      - ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
    - - TRIMETHAPHAN
      - HEXAMETHONIUM
  - - - DECREASE CO & PVR
    - - RESERPINE
        
        Depletes NE stores
      - GUANETHIDINE
        
        Block & decrease release of NE
  - - - ANGINA
      - ACUTE HEART FAILURE
      - ASTHMA
      - REDUCE RENIN RELEASE
    - - PROPRANOLOL
      - METAPROLOL
      - CARVEDILOL
      - LABETALOL
- - - - AMLODIPINE
      - DILTIAZEM
      - VERAPAMIL
    - - DIABETES
      - PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
      - ASTHMA
    - - Bind to L-type Ca channel in heart & smooth muscle
        
        BLOCK INWARD MOVEMENT OF Ca2+
        
        cause :-
        
        RELEASE OF NO
        
        OPENING OF K CHANNEL
        
        HYPERPOLARIZATION
        
        ACTIVATE D1 DOPAMINE RECEPTORS
  - - - HYRALAZINE
      - MINOXIDIL
    - - DIRECT ACTING ON SMOOTH MUSCLE OF ARTERY & ARTERIOLES >> VEIN
    - - TRIGGER ANGINA // MI // CARDIAC FAILURE
      - INCREASE RENIN RETENTION
        
        WATER RETENTION
  - - - NITROPRUSIDE
      - DIAZOXIDE
    - - EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT IV
        
        VASODILATION & TACHYCARDIA
    - - CYANIDE PRODUCTION
- - - - ENALAPRIL
      - LISINOPRIL
      - CAPTOPRIL
    - - STANDARD CARE FOR MI
      - HYPERTENSION
    - - HYPOTENSION
      - HYPERKALEMIA
      - COUGH
    - - ANGIOTENSINOGEN
        
        ANGIOTENSIN I
        
        ANGIOTENSIN II
        
        CAUSE :-
        
        VASOCONSTRICTION
        
        INCREASE PVR
        
        INCREASE BP
        
        ALDOSTERONE SECRETION
        
        INCREASE Na+ & WATER RETENTION
        
        By ACE
        
        By RENIN
    - - KININOGEN
        
        BRADYKININ
        
        INACTIVATE FRAGMENTS
        
        By ACE
        
        INCREASE PROSTAGLANDINS SYNTHESIS
        
        VASODILATION
        
        DECREASE PVR
        
        DECREASE BP
        
        By KALLIKREIN
  - - - ANGIOEDEMA PT
      - PT W/ COUGH
    - - IRBESARTAN
      - CANDESSARTAN
      - LOSARTAN
    - - DRY COUGH
      - WORSEN RENAL FX
      - HYPERKALEMIA
      - HYPOTENSION
      - FETAL TOXICITY
      - ANGIOEDEMA