Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Epigenetics, SITI ATHIRAH BINTI ISMAIL (A172286), SITI AMIRAH BINTI ISMAIL…

- - - - 1.) DNA methylation patterns are maintained by DNMT1
        
        de novo DNA
        methylation is mediated by DNMT3A and DNMT3B
      - 2.) DNA methylation can be reversed through oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by the TET (ten-eleven translocation) proteins.
  - - - study of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy
        has been a topic of great interest over the last few decades.
        
        several studies have shown that this class of enzymes is
        necessary in the maintenance of cardiomyocyte homeostasis.
- - - - Global levels and genomic distribution of 5-methylcytosine change across the genome and at specifc loci during aging.
        
        DNA methylation has been evaluated as a biomarker for determining the age of cells and tissues, and loci-specifc methylation patterns can be very telling as to the age of various tissues.
        
        Exposure to ROS, which increases DNA damage, infammation and the activity and function of DNMTs, has been shown to be correlated with the deposition of 5mC and 5hmc and an increase in mutation frequency
    - - Linked to genes whose expression is regulated during aging, and the presence of hypermethylation was shown to be enriched at CpG islands, which is associated with carcinogenesis onset
    - - LTRs (long terminal repeat)
        
        SINEs (short interspersed nuclear element)
        
        LINE-1 (long interspersed element-1)
  - - - 1.) MALAT1 (metastasis-related lung adenocarcinoma transcript.
      - 2.) SALNR and HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense RNA), which are necessary in regulating cellular processes such as promotion of tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and angiogenesis, thus playing a key role cancer progression as a result of aging.